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Inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in antidiabetic therapy.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21484570     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Glucocorticoid action is mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which upon cortisol binding is activated and regulates the transcriptional expression of target genes and downstream physiological functions. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Since cortisol is also produced through biosynthesis in the adrenal glands, the total cortisol level in a given tissue is determined by both the circulating cortisol concentration and the local 11β-HSD1 activity. 11β-HSD1 is expressed in liver, adipose, brain, and placenta. Since it contributes to the local cortisol levels in these tissues, 11β-HSD1 plays a critical role in glucocorticoid action. The metabolic symptoms caused by glucocorticoid excess in Cushing's syndrome overlap with the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, suggesting that increased glucocorticoid activity may play a role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. Consistent with this notion, elevated adipose expression of 11β-HSD1 induced metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes in mice. Thus, 11β-HSD1 is a proposed therapeutic target to normalize glucocorticoid excess in a tissue-specific manner and mitigate obesity and insulin resistance. Selective inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 are under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other components of the metabolic syndrome.
Authors:
Minghan Wang
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Handbook of experimental pharmacology     Volume:  -     ISSN:  0171-2004     ISO Abbreviation:  Handb Exp Pharmacol     Publication Date:  2011  
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-04-12     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7902231     Medline TA:  Handb Exp Pharmacol     Country:  Germany    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  127-46     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Mail Stop 29-1-A, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA, mwang@amgen.com.
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