Document Detail


Induction of cell cycle arrest in lymphocytes by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin requires three subunits for maximum activity.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  15699156     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We have previously shown that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans produces an immunosuppressive factor encoded by the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt)B gene. In this study, we used rCdt peptides to study the contribution of each subunit to toxin activity. As previously reported, CdtB is the only Cdt subunit that is capable of inducing cell cycle arrest by itself. Although CdtA and CdtC do not exhibit activity alone, each subunit is able to significantly enhance the ability of CdtB to induce G2 arrest in Jurkat cells; these effects were dependent upon protein concentration. Moreover, the combined addition of both CdtA and CdtC increased the ED50 for CdtB >7000-fold. In another series of experiments, we demonstrate that the three Cdt peptides are able to form a functional toxin unit on the cell surface. However, these interactions first require that a complex forms between the CdtA and CdtC subunits, indicating that these peptides are required for interaction between the cell and the holotoxin. This conclusion is further supported by experiments in which both Jurkat cells and normal human lymphocytes were protected from Cdt holotoxin-induced G2 arrest by pre-exposure to CdtA and CdtC. Finally, we have used optical biosensor technology to show that CdtA and CdtC have a strong affinity for one another (10(-7) M). Furthermore, although CdtB is unable to bind to either CdtA or CdtC alone, it is capable of forming a stable complex with CdtA/CdtC. The implications of our results with respect to the function and structure of the Cdt holotoxin are discussed.
Authors:
Bruce J Shenker; Dave Besack; Terry McKay; Lisa Pankoski; Ali Zekavat; Donald R Demuth
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)     Volume:  174     ISSN:  0022-1767     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Immunol.     Publication Date:  2005 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2005-02-08     Completed Date:  2005-03-29     Revised Date:  2007-11-14    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985117R     Medline TA:  J Immunol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  2228-34     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. shenker@pobox.dental.upenn.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans / chemistry,  immunology*
Bacterial Toxins / chemistry,  metabolism,  toxicity*
Cell Cycle / immunology*
Cell Death / immunology
Cell Membrane / immunology,  metabolism,  microbiology
Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
Growth Inhibitors / chemistry,  metabolism,  toxicity
Humans
Jurkat Cells
Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology*,  immunology*
Peptides / metabolism,  toxicity
Protein Binding / immunology
Protein Processing, Post-Translational / immunology
Protein Subunits / metabolism,  toxicity*
Recombinant Proteins / chemistry,  metabolism,  toxicity
Structure-Activity Relationship
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
DE06014/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Growth Inhibitors; 0/Peptides; 0/Protein Subunits; 0/Recombinant Proteins; 0/cytolethal distending toxin, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

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