| Independent and Combined Effects of Calcium-Vitamin D3 and Exercise on Bone Structure and Strength in Older Men: An 18-Month Factorial Design Randomized Controlled Trial. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21209030 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Context: Exercise and calcium-vitamin D are independently recognized as important strategies to prevent osteoporosis, but their combined effects on bone strength and its determinants remain uncertain. Objective: To assess whether calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk could enhance the effects of exercise on bone strength, structure, and mineral density in middle-aged and older men. Design, Setting, Participants: An 18-month factorial design randomized controlled trial in which 180 men aged 50-79 years were randomized to the following: exercise + fortified milk; exercise; fortified milk; or controls. Exercise consisted of progressive resistance training with weight-bearing impact activities performed 3 d/week. Men assigned to fortified milk consumed 400 ml/d of 1% fat milk containing 1000 mg/d calcium and 800 IU/d vitamin D3. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone structure, and strength at the lumbar spine (LS), proximal femur, mid-femur, and mid-tibia measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and/or quantitative computed tomography. Results: There were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions at any skeletal site. Main effect analysis showed that exercise led to a 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-3.6) net gain in femoral neck section modulus, which was associated with an approximately 1.9% gain in areal BMD and cross-sectional area. Exercise also improved LS trabecular BMD [net gain 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-4.1)], but had no effect on mid-femur or mid-tibia BMD, structure, or strength. There were no main effects of the fortified milk at any skeletal site. Conclusion: A community-based multi-component exercise program successfully improved LS and femoral neck BMD and strength in healthy older men, but providing additional calcium-vitamin D3 to these replete men did not enhance the osteogenic response. |
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Authors:
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Sonja Kukuljan; Caryl A Nowson; Kerrie M Sanders; Geoff C Nicholson; Markus J Seibel; Jo Salmon; Robin M Daly |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-1-5 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Volume: - ISSN: 1945-7197 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-1-6 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0375362 Medline TA: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (S.K., C.A.N., J.S., R.M.D.), Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia; Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences: Barwon Health (K.M.S., G.C.N.), University of Melbourne, Geelong Victoria 3220, Australia; Bone Research Program (M.J.S.), ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; and Department of Medicine (R.M.D.), University of Melbourne, Western Hospital, Melbourne 3011, Australia. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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