| Incidence and risk factors for newborn umbilical cord infections on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19504734 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Few community-based data exist on the frequency of cord infection signs in low resource settings, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. We developed simple sign-based definitions of omphalitis and estimated incidence and risk factors for infection over a range of severity among neonates in Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania. METHODS: Infants' umbilical stump was assessed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after birth for presence of pus, redness, swelling, and foul odor. Infection incidence and proportion of affected infants was estimated for 6 separate combinations of these signs. Two definitions were examined for associations between infection and selected potential risk factors using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Nine thousand five hundred fifty cord assessments (in 1653 infants) were conducted. The proportion of affected infants ranged from 16 (1.0%, moderate to severe redness with pus discharge) to 199 (12.0%, pus and foul odor), while single signs were observed in >20% of infants. Median time to onset of infection was 3 to 4 days; 90% of infections occurred by age 7 days. Breast-feeding within the first hour after birth was associated with lower risk of infection in multivariate analyses, while other maternal, and infant and care practices were generally not associated. CONCLUSIONS: Signs of omphalitis occur frequently and predominantly in the first week of life among newborns in Pemba, Tanzania. Infection definitions relying on single signs without classifying severity level may overestimate burden. Redness with pus or redness at the moderate or severe level if pus is absent is more appropriate for estimating burden or during evaluation of interventions to reduce infection. |
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Authors:
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Luke C Mullany; Silvana Faillace; James M Tielsch; Rebecca J Stolzfus; Kara E Nygaard; Justine A Kavle; Tamer H Farag; Hamad J Haji; Sabra S Khalfan; Nadra S Ali; Rahila S Omar; Gary L Darmstadt |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Pediatric infectious disease journal Volume: 28 ISSN: 0891-3668 ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. Publication Date: 2009 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-06-05 Completed Date: 2009-08-31 Revised Date: 2010-03-23 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8701858 Medline TA: Pediatr Infect Dis J Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 503-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of International Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. lmullany@jhsph.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Female Humans Incidence Infant, Newborn Infection / epidemiology*, etiology Male Multivariate Analysis Pregnancy Risk Factors Rural Population Tanzania / epidemiology Umbilical Cord* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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