| In vitro induction of apoptosis, necrosis and genotoxicity by cosmetic preservatives: application of flow cytometry as a complementary analysis by NRU. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22118339 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Preservatives are used in cosmetics to prevent microbial contamination; however, some preservatives are not free of allergenic and cytotoxic potential. Allergenicity and cytoxicity potentialvaluesare major aspects of preservative safety, which determine limitations and maximum concentration dose in a cosmetic product. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro apoptosis, necrosis and genotoxicity-inducing potential of five different types of preservatives: Phenoxyethanol (PE), Propylparaben (PP), Methylparaben (MP), Benzyl Alcohol (BA), and Ethylhexyl Glycerine (EG). In vitro experiments were carried out on human dermal fibroblasts by a quantitative flow cytometry method, using specific cell markers (Annexin V, Propidium Iodide and H2A.X). We compared the resulting cell viability by means of Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) and established the IC(50) . Our results showed that PE, PP, MP and BA have similar cytotoxic mechanisms (high apoptosis and necrosis levels only at the test concentration of 1%), while EG showed only an apoptosis pathway. For genotoxicity, both parabens yielded the highest values. Results obtained by flow cytometry for necrosis were comparable to those produced by NRU; however, NRU does not distinguish apoptosis from necrosis. We propose that flow cytometry is a more sophisticated methodology for understanding the cytotoxic mechanisms of cosmetic preservatives and can be used tocomplement the NRU. © 2011 Grupo Boticário ICS © 2011 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie. |
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Authors:
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Camila Miranda de Carvalho; Priscila Fernanda Campos de Menezes; Gisele Cristine Letenski; Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Praes; Israel Henrique Stokfisz Feferman; Márcio Lorencini |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-28 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: International journal of cosmetic science Volume: - ISSN: 1468-2494 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-28 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8007161 Medline TA: Int J Cosmet Sci Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Journal compilation © 2011 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie. |
Affiliation:
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Grupo Boticário, Research and Innovation Department, Biomolecular Research Laboratory, Av. Rui Barbosa no. 3450, Zip Code: 83055-900, São José dos Pinhais, PR- Brazil. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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