| Impact of chlorine disinfectants on dissolution of the lead corrosion product PbO2. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20715864 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Plattnerite (β-PbO(2)) is a corrosion product that develops on lead pipes that have been in contact with free chlorine present as a residual disinfectant. The reductive dissolution of PbO(2) can cause elevated lead concentrations in tap water when the residual disinfectant is switched from free chlorine to monochloramine. The objectives of this study were to quantify plattnerite dissolution rates in the presence of chlorine disinfectants, gain insights into dissolution mechanisms, and measure plattnerite's equilibrium solubility in the presence of free chlorine. The effects of free chlorine and monochloramine on the dissolution rates of plattnerite were quantified in completely mixed continuous-flow reactors at relevant pH and dissolved inorganic carbon conditions. Plattnerite dissolution rates decreased in the following order: no disinfectant > monochloramine > chlorine, which was consistent with the trend in the redox potential. Compared with experiments without disinfectant, monochloramine inhibited plattnerite dissolution in continuous-flow experiments. Although free chlorine maintained steady-state lead concentrations below the action level of 15 μg/L in flow-through experiments, in batch experiments lead concentrations exceeded the action level for longer residence times and approached an equilibrium value that was several orders of magnitude higher than that predicted from available thermodynamic data. |
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Authors:
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Yanjiao Xie; Yin Wang; Daniel E Giammar |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Environmental science & technology Volume: 44 ISSN: 1520-5851 ISO Abbreviation: Environ. Sci. Technol. Publication Date: 2010 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-09-13 Completed Date: 2010-12-22 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0213155 Medline TA: Environ Sci Technol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 7082-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Chloramines Chlorine / chemistry* Corrosion Disinfectants / chemistry* Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Kinetics Lead / chemistry* Least-Squares Analysis Oxidation-Reduction Oxides / chemistry* Solubility Time Factors |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Chloramines; 0/Disinfectants; 0/Oxides; 10599-90-3/chloramine; 1317-36-8/lead oxide; 7439-92-1/Lead; 7782-50-5/Chlorine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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