| Immunological and toxinological responses to jellyfish stings. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21824077 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Just over a century ago, animal responses to injections of jellyfish extracts unveiled the phenomenon of anaphylaxis. Yet, until very recently, understanding of jellyfish sting toxicity has remained limited. Upon contact, jellyfish stinging cells discharge complex venoms, through thousands of barbed tubules, into the skin resulting in painful and, potentially, lethal envenomations. This review examines the immunological and toxinological responses to stings by prominent species of jellyfish including Physalia sp (Portuguese Man-o-War, Blue-bottle), Cubozoan jellyfish including Chironex fleckeri, several Carybdeids including Carybdea arborifera and Alatina moseri, Linuche unguiculta (Thimble jellyfish), a jellyfish responsible for Irukandji syndrome (Carukia barnesi) and Pelagia noctiluca. Jellyfish venoms are composed of potent proteinaceous porins (cellular membrane pore-forming toxins), neurotoxic peptides, bioactive lipids and other small molecules whilst the tubules contain ancient collagens and chitins. We postulate that immunologically, both tubular structural and functional biopolymers as well as venom components can initiate innate, adaptive, as well as immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions that may be amenable to topical anti-inflammatory-immunomodifier therapy. The current challenge for immunotoxinologists is to deconstruct the actions of venom components to target therapeutic modalities for sting treatment. |
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Authors:
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James Tibballs; Angel A Yanagihara; Helen C Turner; Ken Winkel |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Inflammation & allergy drug targets Volume: 10 ISSN: 2212-4055 ISO Abbreviation: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Publication Date: 2011 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-08-23 Completed Date: 2011-12-22 Revised Date: 2012-03-13 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101266886 Medline TA: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Country: United Arab Emirates |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 438-46 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia. james.tibballs@rch.org.au |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adaptive Immunity Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use* Antivenins / therapeutic use* Bites and Stings / immunology*, physiopathology, therapy* Cnidarian Venoms / immunology* Cubozoa Humans Hypersensitivity Immunity, Innate Immunomodulation Molecular Targeted Therapy Neurotoxins / immunology, metabolism Porins / immunology, metabolism |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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1 R21 DA024444-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Anti-Inflammatory Agents; 0/Antivenins; 0/Cnidarian Venoms; 0/Neurotoxins; 0/Porins |
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