Document Detail


Idiopathic hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, pituitary stalk thickening, and the occult intracranial germinoma in children and adolescents.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  9141516     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We report nine consecutive children and adolescents [five females and four males; aged 2 yr 8 months (m) to 18 yr 1 m] studied over the last 5 yr with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. In addition to vasopressin deficiency, anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies were detected, either on evaluation at presentation or during follow-up studies over the following 3 yr. Four patients had an increased concentration of plasma PRL. One patient had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies at diagnosis, and two others developed the same by 21 m of follow-up. Brain magnestic resonance imaging scans, performed at presentation, were originally interpreted as normal in four of nine patients, except for absence of the bright posterior pituitary signal; after retrospective review, two of nine were considered normal. All of the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed positive findings by 14 m of follow-up. The first abnormal finding in all patients was isolated pituitary stalk thickening. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for hCG was positive in three of eight evaluated patients; the three positive CSF values were found at presentation and 3 and 9 m after presentation. All eight patients assessed were negative for CSF alpha-fetoprotein and cytology, and no patient had serum tumor markers. Transsphenoidal biopsy of the lesion in seven of nine patients showed a germinoma in six patients and inflammatory cells in one. The six patients with documented germinoma comprise 31% of the intracranial germinomas diagnosed in this age group at the University of California-San Francisco during the last 5 yr. The patient with mononuclear inflammatory cells on biopsy along with one other patient have had spontaneous resolution of their stalk thickening. So-called "idiopathic" central diabetes insipidus warrants close follow-up to determine the etiology, especially if anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies are detected. Normal brain MRI scans or scans that show isolated pituitary stalk thickening merit follow-up with serial contrast enhanced brain MRI for the early detection of an evolving occult hypothalamic-stalk lesion. CSF evaluation is recommended at presentation because elevated CSF hCG may precede MRI abnormalities.
Authors:
S L Mootha; A J Barkovich; M M Grumbach; M S Edwards; S E Gitelman; S L Kaplan; F A Conte
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism     Volume:  82     ISSN:  0021-972X     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.     Publication Date:  1997 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1997-05-23     Completed Date:  1997-05-23     Revised Date:  2007-11-14    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0375362     Medline TA:  J Clin Endocrinol Metab     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1362-7     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Biopsy
Brain Neoplasms / complications*,  pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Chorionic Gonadotropin / blood,  cerebrospinal fluid
Diabetes Insipidus / etiology*,  pathology
Female
Germinoma / complications*,  pathology
Humans
Hypothalamus / pathology*
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Pituitary Gland / pathology*
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior / deficiency
Vasopressins / deficiency
alpha-Fetoproteins / analysis
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
5T32-DK-07161/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; M01-RR-01271/RR/NCRR NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Chorionic Gonadotropin; 0/Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; 0/alpha-Fetoproteins; 11000-17-2/Vasopressins

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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