Document Detail


Hypoxic and ischemic central nervous system disorders in infants and children.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  8540425     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Brain damage from severe hypoxemia and ischemia is involved in many childhood disorders that produce permanent disability. Recent progress in diagnosis and brain imaging as well as in the laboratory has expanded understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders. They are currently thought to trigger a neurotoxic biochemical cascade that produces permanent cell death over a period of hours to days. A prominent feature of this cascade is synaptic dysfunction and overactivation of excitatory amino acid receptors that carry a majority of the excitatory messages transmitted in the brain. In premature infants the periventricular white matter is especially vulnerable, whereas neuronal structures are more vulnerable at term and at older ages. Numerous drugs are now known to protect the brain from neuronal damage in laboratory models. Application of this new pharmacology will require techniques to monitor cerebral metabolism and blood flow at the bedside in order to ensure that only high-risk infants are included. Although the new medications can be expected to have significant adverse effects as well as benefits, it seems likely that this therapy will be applied to certain high-risk groups over the next decade.
Authors:
M V Johnston; W H Trescher; G A Taylor
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Advances in pediatrics     Volume:  42     ISSN:  0065-3101     ISO Abbreviation:  Adv Pediatr     Publication Date:  1995  
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1996-02-02     Completed Date:  1996-02-02     Revised Date:  2004-11-17    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0370436     Medline TA:  Adv Pediatr     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1-45     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Brain Ischemia* / diagnosis,  physiopathology,  therapy
Cerebrovascular Circulation
Disabled Persons
Free Radicals
Humans
Hypoxia, Brain* / diagnosis,  physiopathology,  therapy
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Monitoring, Physiologic
Severity of Illness Index
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Free Radicals

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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