| Hypothalamic nitric oxide in hypoglycemia detection and counterregulation: a two-edged sword. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20518706 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Hypoglycemia is the main complication for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving intensive insulin therapy. In addition to the obvious deleterious effects of acute hypoglycemia on brain function, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia (RH) have an even more insidious effect. RH impairs the ability of the brain to detect and initiate an appropriate counterregulatory response (CRR) to restore euglycemia in response to subsequent hypoglycemia. Knowledge of mechanisms involved in hypoglycemia detection and counterregulation has significantly improved over the past 20 years. Glucose sensitive neurons (GSNs) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may play a key role in the CRR. VMH nitric oxide (NO) production has recently been shown to be critical for both the CRR and glucose sensing by glucose-inhibited neurons. Interestingly, downstream effects of NO may also contribute to the impaired CRR after RH. In this review, we will discuss current literature regarding the molecular mechanisms by which VMH GSNs sense glucose. Putative roles of GSNs in the detection and initiation of the CRR will then be described. Finally, hypothetical mechanisms by which VMH NO production may both facilitate and subsequently impair the CRR will be discussed. |
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Authors:
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Xavier Fioramonti; Zhentao Song; Reema P Vazirani; Annie Beuve; Vanessa H Routh |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2010-08-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Antioxidants & redox signaling Volume: 14 ISSN: 1557-7716 ISO Abbreviation: Antioxid. Redox Signal. Publication Date: 2011 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-01-05 Completed Date: 2011-04-14 Revised Date: 2012-02-01 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100888899 Medline TA: Antioxid Redox Signal Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 505-17 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA. fioramxa@umdnj.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Blood Glucose
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metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy, physiopathology Humans Hypoglycemia / metabolism*, physiopathology* Insulin / therapeutic use Neurons / metabolism Nitric Oxide / metabolism* Nitric Oxide Synthase / metabolism Signal Transduction / physiology Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / cytology, metabolism* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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1R01DK81358/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; 2R01DK55619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS; R01 DK081538-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Blood Glucose; 0/Insulin; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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