Document Detail


Hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18408477     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease, however morphologic evidence on the subject is poorly understood. A perennial and vexing problem in understanding kidney hypertension is that correlations between hypertension and vascular and glomerular lesions are only moderate, in part because all of these lesions are present to a greater or lesser degree in the normotensive, aging kidney, with racial differences in severity further compounding the problem. This review looks at newer data on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent data suggest that there are two different processes leading to glomerulosclerosis, and the combination of the two begins to explain why global correlations between hypertension and morphologic lesions are destined to remain poor. Arterial stiffening with increased pulse pressure down as far as the afferent arteriolar level likely plays an important role in the progression of glomerular lesions. Loss of renal autoregulation with glomerular hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is now recognized to contribute significantly to nephrosclerosis, particularly in the black population. Ischemic glomerulosclerosis, however, may ultimately be the most important lesion, with consequent hypoxia in the parenchyma beyond, leading to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. SUMMARY: Hypertensive nephrosclerosis should be seen as a process with two principal modes of glomerular sclerosis, ischemic and hypertrophic, with consequent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, contributing variably to renal failure according to race and level of hypertension.
Authors:
Gary S Hill
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension     Volume:  17     ISSN:  1062-4821     ISO Abbreviation:  Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens.     Publication Date:  2008 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2008-04-14     Completed Date:  2008-09-09     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9303753     Medline TA:  Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  266-70     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. garyhillparis@aol.com
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Atrophy
Blood Pressure
Cell Hypoxia
Disease Models, Animal
Elasticity
Fibrosis
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypertension / complications*,  pathology,  physiopathology
Hypertrophy
Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
Ischemia / complications,  physiopathology
Kidney Glomerulus / blood supply,  pathology,  physiopathology*
Nephrosclerosis / etiology*,  pathology,  physiopathology
Renal Artery / physiopathology
Renal Circulation
Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Inflammation Mediators; 0/Transforming Growth Factor beta

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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