| Hydroxytyrosol Is the Major Anti-Inflammatory Compound in Aqueous Olive Extracts and Impairs Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Macrophages. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21830187 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Substances in olive products contribute to improved health as suggested by epidemiological data. In this study we assessed the effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on inflammatory mediators, cytokines and chemokines, and identified anti-inflammatory constituents of aqueous olive extracts, I.E., olive vegetation water (OVW). Murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of substances; inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (2) (PGE (2)), cytokines, interleukins, chemokines] were determined by the Griess reaction, EIA, or multiplex ELISA (Luminex technology). Expression of inflammatory genes was determined by RT-PCR. Aqueous olive extracts were fractionated by preparative HPLC and the fractions investigated for their effects on NO and PGE (2) production. Results were further analyzed by principal component analysis. HT inhibited production of NO and PGE (2) with an IC (50) of 11.4 and 19.5 µM, respectively, reflecting strong anti-inflammatory activity. HT and OVW diminished secretion of cytokines (IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF- α), and chemokines (CXCL10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1). HT and OVW concentration-dependently reduced the expression of genes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1 α, CXCL10/IP-10, MIP-1 β, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and prostaglandin E (2) synthase (PGES). The effects of HT were partly mediated VIA the NF- κB pathway, as shown by RT-PCR analysis. HT was identified as the main bioactive compound of OVW. The data provide a molecular basis for elucidating the effects of HT on inflammatory processes. The effects of HT on NO and chemokine production point to their impact on chronic inflammatory processes in endothelium or arthritis. |
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Authors:
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Nathalie Richard; Sabine Arnold; Ulrich Hoeller; Claus Kilpert; Karin Wertz; Joseph Schwager |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-8-9 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Planta medica Volume: - ISSN: 1439-0221 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-8-10 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0066751 Medline TA: Planta Med Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York. |
Affiliation:
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DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition & Health, Basel, Switzerland. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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