| Humic acid enhances cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema in mice and IL-8 release of human monocytes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21820074 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Tobacco smoke is the main factor in the etiology of lung emphysema. Generally prolonged, substantial exposure is required to develop the disease. Humic acid is a major component of cigarette smoke that accumulates in smokers' lungs over time and induces tissue damage. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether humic acid pre-loading potentiates the development of cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema in mice and increases IL-8 release by human monocytes. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice received humic acid or aqueous vehicle by tracheal installation on day 0 and day 7. From day 21 to day 84, the mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air for 5 days/week. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure we determined leukocytes in lung lavage, heart hypertrophy and alveolar wall destruction. Human monocytes were incubated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), humic acid or the combination overnight. RESULTS: Humic acid nor cigarette smoke caused alveolar wall destruction within two months. Interestingly, the combination did induce lung emphysema. Humic acid, cigarette smoke or the combination did not change leukocyte types and numbers in lung lavage fluid, but the combination caused peribronchiolar and perivascular lymphocyte infiltration. Humic acid treatment resulted in a high proportion of alveolar macrophages heavily loaded with intracellular granula. Humic acid also induces the release of IL-8 from human monocytes and enhances the CSE-induced IL-8 release. CONCLUSIONS: Humic acid deposition in the lungs potentiates the development of cigarette smoke-induced interstitial inflammation and lung emphysema. Moreover, humic acid promotes IL-8 release from human monocytes. Since humic acid accumulates steadily in the lungs of smokers, this may provide an explanation for the natural history on late onset of this disease. The model described here offers a novel way to study emphysema and may direct the search for new therapeutic approaches. |
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Authors:
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Sven van Eijl; Esmaeil Mortaz; Ana F Ferreira; Frieke Kuper; Frans P Nijkamp; Gert Folkerts; Nanne Bloksma |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-7-24 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics Volume: - ISSN: 1522-9629 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-8-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9715279 Medline TA: Pulm Pharmacol Ther Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnlaan 16, Utrecht, The Netherlands. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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