| How viral infections enhance or prevent type 1 diabetes-from mouse to man. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21739461 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
More recent evidence shows that viral infections can enhance as well as prevent type 1 diabetes in experimental animal models [Filippi and von Herrath, 2010]. Published findings clearly indicate that the replication levels of the virus [Tracy et al., 2010] as well as the timing of infection [Richer and Horwitz, 2009] in relation to the autoimmune process both play an instrumental role. For example, enteroviruses replicating to higher levels, accelerate type 1 diabetes, whereas lower replication rates result in the prevention of diabetes. In human pancreata, elevated levels of MHC class 1 were detected in many islets which could be an indicator of a persistent infection. When present, the increased MHC affected all islet cells. MHC upregulation was present in a lobular and patchy fashion, and in many but not all cases associated with CD8 infiltration. In vivo tetramer staining showed that many of these CD8s cells were specific for beta cell antigens. It is proposed that it is possible that a persistent viral infection could unmask human islets for recognition by autoreactive CD8 T cells [von Herrath, 2009]. Indeed in animal models upregulation of MHC class 1 on beta cells is a pre-requisite for their destruction. On the other hand, prevention of diabetes in NOD mice by Coxsackie viruses was associated with "invigorated" Tregs that was present in higher numbers and produced more TGF-beta [Filippi et al., 2009]. This phenomenon was TLR-2 dependent and effects of TLR-2 on TLR as well as on dendritic cells was a contributory factor. Therefore antiviral vaccines targeting for example enteroviruses might be able to influence the prevalence of human diabetes. J. Med. Virol. 83:1672-1672, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
| | |
Authors:
|
M von Herrath; C Filippi; K Coppieters |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of medical virology Volume: 83 ISSN: 1096-9071 ISO Abbreviation: J. Med. Virol. Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2011-07-08 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 7705876 Medline TA: J Med Virol Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 1672 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
|
Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Affiliation:
|
Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California. matthias@alai.org. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
|
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in Italy, 2007-2009.
Next Document: Current views on ljungan virus and its relationship to human diabetes.