| How pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles pave the way for optimal basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20618882 Owner: NLM Status: In-Process |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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This pedagogical review illustrates the differences between pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) measures, using insulin therapy as the primary example. The main conclusion is that PD parameters are of greater clinical significance for insulin therapy than PK parameters. The glucose-clamp technique, the optimal method for determining insulin PD, is explained so that the reader can understand the important studies in the literature. Key glucose-clamp studies that compare two basal insulin analogues - insulin glargine and insulin detemir - to Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin and to each other are then presented. The review further explains how PD parameters have been translated into useful clinical concepts and simple titration algorithms for everyday clinical practice. Finally, the necessity of overcoming patient and/or physician barriers to insulin therapy and providing continuing education and training is emphasised. |
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Authors:
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S Arnolds; B Kuglin; C Kapitza; T Heise |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2010-07-05 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: International journal of clinical practice Volume: 64 ISSN: 1742-1241 ISO Abbreviation: Int. J. Clin. Pract. Publication Date: 2010 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-08-18 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9712381 Medline TA: Int J Clin Pract Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1415-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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PROFIL Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Neuss, Germany. sabine.arnolds@profil-research.de |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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