| Household CO and PM measured as part of a review of China's National Improved Stove Program. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17542832 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In 2001-2003, a team of researchers from the United States and China performed an independent, multidisciplinary review of China's National Improved Stove Program carried out since the 1980s. As part of a 3500-household survey, a subsample of 396 rural households were monitored for particulate matter less than 4 microm (PM(4)) in kitchens and living rooms over 24 h, of which 159 were measured in both summer and winter. Carbon monoxide was measured in a 40% subsample. The results of this indoor air quality (IAQ) component indicate that for nearly all household stove or fuel groupings, PM(4) levels were higher than - and sometimes more than twice as high as - the national PM(10) standard for indoor air (150 microg PM(10)/m(3)). If these results are typical, then a large fraction of China's rural population is now chronically exposed to levels of pollution far higher than those determined by the Chinese government to harm human health. Further, we observed highly diverse fuel usage patterns in these regions in China, supporting the observations in the household survey of multiple stoves being present in many kitchens. Improved stoves resulted in reduced PM(4) from biomass fuel combinations, but still not at levels that meet standards, and little improvement was observed in indoor pollution levels when other unimproved stoves were present in the same kitchen. As many households change fuels according to daily and seasonal factors, resulting in different seasonal concentrations in living rooms and kitchens, assessing health implications from fuel use requires longitudinal evaluation of fuel use and IAQ levels, combined with accurate time-activity information. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Leaving aside the difficult issue of enforcement, it is uncertain whether Chinese household IAQ standards represent realistic objectives for current attainment given current patterns of energy consumption in rural China, which rely so heavily on unprocessed solid fuels. Even when used with chimneys, these fuels emit substantial pollution into the household environment. It is probable that low-emission technologies involving gaseous/liquid fuels or high combustion - efficiency biomass stoves need to be promoted in order to achieve these standards for the greater part of the population. |
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Authors:
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R D Edwards; Y Liu; G He; Z Yin; J Sinton; J Peabody; K R Smith |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Indoor air Volume: 17 ISSN: 0905-6947 ISO Abbreviation: Indoor Air Publication Date: 2007 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-06-04 Completed Date: 2007-11-06 Revised Date: 2009-09-29 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9423515 Medline TA: Indoor Air Country: Denmark |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 189-203 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Epidemiology Department, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, California 92697-3957, USA. edwardsr@uci.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Air Pollutants
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analysis*,
standards Air Pollution, Indoor / analysis* Biomass Breath Tests Carbon Monoxide / analysis*, metabolism, standards China Coal Cookery* Environmental Monitoring / standards Female Household Articles Housing Humans Male Particle Size Particulate Matter / analysis*, standards Petroleum Risk Assessment Seasons Wood |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Air Pollutants; 0/Coal; 0/Particulate Matter; 0/Petroleum; 630-08-0/Carbon Monoxide |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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