| Hormonal responses to endurance training and overtraining in female athletes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 9762476 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: To examine different hormonal responses to heavy endurance training and overtraining in female athletes. DESIGN: Submaximal and maximal treadmill tests, self-report mood measures, and stress hormone analyses were repeated at baseline, after 4 weeks and at the end of 6 to 9 weeks of experimental intensive training and after 4 to 6 weeks of recovery. SUBJECTS: Fifteen healthy female endurance athletes increased their intensive training volume by 130% and base training volume by 100% (ETG, n = 9) or served as controls (CG, n = 6). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), mood dynamics, blood catecholamines, cortisol and testosterone at rest and after submaximal and maximal exercise, and nocturnal urine catecholamines. RESULTS: Five females from the ETG demonstrated an over-training state (OA subgroup) at the end of the training period. Their VO2max decreased (mean +/- SEM) from 53.0 +/- 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (range, 46.8-59.2) to 50.2 +/- 2.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 (range, 43.8-56.6) (p < 0.01). Maximal treadmill performance expressed as oxygen demand decreased (mean +/- SEM) from 56.0 +/- 1.6 ml.kg-1.min-1 (range, 51.5-60.5) to 52.2 +/- 1.1 ml kg-1.min-1 (range, 49.1-55.3) (p < 0.01). Maximal heart rate also decreased (mean +/- SEM) from 190 +/- 1 bpm (range, 185-197) to 186 +/- 2 bpm (range, 184-193) (p < 0.05), and the athletes experienced mood disturbances. Plasma adrenaline levels at maximal and noradrenaline at submaximal work rate decreased during the last 2 to 5 training weeks (p < 0.05), and serum cortisol levels at maximal work rate decreased during the first 4 training weeks (p < 0.05) in the ETG. Plasma adrenaline at maximal work rate decreased during the first 4 training weeks (p < 0.05) in the OA subgroup. There were no changes in the CG. Individual hormonal response types to heavy training and overtraining were found. CONCLUSIONS: Hormone responses to exercise load are superior in indicating heavy training-induced stress when compared with resting hormone levels. These responses indicated decreased sympathoadrenal and/or adrenocortical activity (or exhaustion of the adrenal gland or the central nervous system). Individual hormonal profiles are needed to follow up training effects. Marked individual differences were found in training- and overtraining-induced hormonal changes. |
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Authors:
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A L Uusitalo; P Huttunen; Y Hanin; A J Uusitalo; H K Rusko |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine Volume: 8 ISSN: 1050-642X ISO Abbreviation: Clin J Sport Med Publication Date: 1998 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1998-12-02 Completed Date: 1998-12-02 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9103300 Medline TA: Clin J Sport Med Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 178-86 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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KIHU-Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Epinephrine / blood* Exercise Test Female Humans Hydrocortisone / blood* Norepinephrine / blood* Physical Endurance / physiology* Sports / physiology* Testosterone / blood* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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50-23-7/Hydrocortisone; 51-41-2/Norepinephrine; 51-43-4/Epinephrine; 58-22-0/Testosterone |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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