Document Detail


Homogentisic acid autoxidation and oxygen radical generation: implications for the etiology of alkaptonuric arthritis.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  3121448     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The metabolic disorder, alkaptonuria, is distinguished by elevated serum levels of 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (homogentisic acid), pigmentation of cartilage and connective tissue and, ultimately, the development of inflammatory arthritis. Oxygen radical generation during homogentisic acid autoxidation was characterized in vitro to assess the likelihood that oxygen radicals act as molecular agents of alkaptonuric arthritis in vivo. For homogentisic acid autoxidized at physiological pH and above, yielding superoxide (O2-)2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the homogentisic acid autoxidation rate was oxygen dependent, proportional to homogentisic acid concentration, temperature dependent and pH dependent. Formation of the oxidized product, benzoquinoneacetic acid was inhibited by the reducing agents, NADH, reduced glutathione, and ascorbic acid and accelerated by SOD and manganese-pyrophosphate. Manganese stimulated autoxidation was suppressed by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Homogentisic acid autoxidation stimulated a rapid cooxidation of ascorbic acid at pH 7.45. Hydrogen peroxide was among the products of cooxidation. The combination of homogentisic acid and Fe3+-EDTA stimulated hydroxyl radical (OH.) formation estimated by salicylate hydroxylation. Ferric iron was required for the reaction and Fe3+-EDTA was a better catalyst than either free Fe3+ or Fe3+-DTPA. SOD accelerated OH. production by homogentisic acid as did H2O2, and catalase reversed much of the stimulation by SOD. Catalase alone, and the hydroxyl radical scavengers, thiourea and sodium formate, suppressed salicylate hydroxylation. Homogentisic acid and Fe3+-EDTA also stimulated the degradation of hyaluronic acid, the chief viscous element of synovial fluid. Hyaluronic acid depolymerization was time dependent and proportional to the homogentisic acid concentration up to 100 microM. The level of degradation observed was comparable to that obtained with ascorbic acid at equivalent concentrations. The hydroxyl radical was an active intermediate in depolymerization. Thus, catalase and the hydroxyl radical scavengers, thiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide, almost completely suppressed the depolymerization reaction. The ability of homogentisic acid to generate O2-, H2O2 and OH. through autoxidation and the degradation of hyaluronic acid by homogentisic acid-mediated by OH. production suggests that oxygen radicals play a significant role in the etiology of alkaptonuric arthritis.
Authors:
J P Martin; B Batkoff
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Free radical biology & medicine     Volume:  3     ISSN:  0891-5849     ISO Abbreviation:  Free Radic. Biol. Med.     Publication Date:  1987  
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1988-02-08     Completed Date:  1988-02-08     Revised Date:  2007-11-14    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8709159     Medline TA:  Free Radic Biol Med     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  241-50     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Alkaptonuria / complications,  metabolism*
Animals
Arthritis / etiology,  metabolism*
Ascorbic Acid / metabolism
Edetic Acid / pharmacology
Free Radicals
Homogentisic Acid / metabolism*
Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxygen Consumption*
Polarography
Pyrogallol / metabolism
Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
AI-19695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Free Radicals; 451-13-8/Homogentisic Acid; 50-81-7/Ascorbic Acid; 60-00-4/Edetic Acid; 87-66-1/Pyrogallol; 9004-61-9/Hyaluronic Acid; EC 1.15.1.1/Superoxide Dismutase

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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