| Health consequences of catabolic synthesis of hippuric acid in humans. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19891605 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Hippuric acid has been a major human metabolite for years. However, there is no well-known documented health benefit associated with it except for excretion of environmental-toxic exposures of aromatic compounds such as toluene, or from dietary protein degradation and re-synthesis by intestinal microflora metabolism of quinic acid via the shikimate pathway. Thus hippuric acid can appear in humans as an excretory product from natural or unnatural sources. It has been believed over the years that the major source of urinary hippuric acid levels in humans has come from environmental toxic solvent exposures. However, more recently it was been shown that approximately 1-2 mM hippuric acid is excreted daily in the urine, even in the absence of organic solvent exposure, signalling abundant metabolic dietary sources of hippuric acid are also apparent. One of these has been dietary proteins. The other is from the well-documented presence of quinic acid in healthy colored foodstuffs. Quinic acid is a key metabolite associated with the shikimate pathway existing only in plants, and it is responsible for essential amino acid biosynthesis such as tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Here we review the evidence that the human gastrointestinal tract microflora are responsible for quinic acid metabolism not only to hippuric acid, but more importantly to efficacious antioxidant amino acids and vitamins. |
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Authors:
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Ronald W Pero |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current clinical pharmacology Volume: 5 ISSN: 1574-8847 ISO Abbreviation: Curr Clin Pharmacol Publication Date: 2010 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-03-22 Completed Date: 2010-06-09 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101273158 Medline TA: Curr Clin Pharmacol Country: United Arab Emirates |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 67-73 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Section of Immunology, Lund University, BMC I-13, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden. ron@ronwpero.com |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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metabolism,
pharmacology Animals Antioxidants / metabolism, pharmacology Gastrointestinal Tract / microbiology* Hippurates / metabolism*, urine Humans Quinic Acid / metabolism* Vitamins / metabolism, pharmacology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Antioxidants; 0/Hippurates; 0/Vitamins; 495-69-2/hippuric acid; 77-95-2/Quinic Acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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