Document Detail


HIV-1 trans-activator protein dysregulates IFN-γ signaling and contributes to the suppression of autophagy induction.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21099673     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: HIV-1 transactivator protein, Tat, has been identified as an activator of HIV-1 replication. It also dysregulates cytokine production and apoptosis in T-cells. Of the various cell death processes, autophagy is a self-digestion and degradation mechanism that recycles the contents of the cytosol, including macromolecules and cellular organelles, resulting in self-repair and conservation for survival. Recent reports demonstrated that autophagosomes can be activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to participate in immune defence by processing foreign antigens for the recognition and killing of intracellular pathogens. As we previously showed that HIV-1 Tat perturbs IFN-γ signaling through the suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation and consequently inhibits major histocompatibility complex class-II antigen expression, we postulate that Tat plays a role in regulating autophagy.
METHODS: The role of STAT1 in IFN-γ-induced autophagy in primary human blood macrophages was examined using a small molecule inhibitor or siRNA specific for STAT1. The effect of HIV-1 Tat on autophagy was investigated by pretreating the macrophages with HIV-1 Tat and followed by IFN-γ stimulation. The expressions of autophagy-associated genes and their effects on engulfing mycobacteria were examined.
RESULTS: The activation of STAT1 resulted in IFN-γ-induced LC3B protein expression and autophagosome formation. As postulated, HIV-1 Tat protein suppressed IFN-γ-induced autophagy processes, including LC3B expression. Additionally, HIV-1 Tat restricted the capturing of mycobacteria by autophagosomes.
CONCLUSION: HIV-1 Tat suppressed the induction of autophagy-associated genes and inhibited the formation of autophagosomes. Perturbation of such cellular processes by HIV-1 would impair the effective containment of invading pathogens, thereby providing a favorable environment for opportunistic microbes in HIV-infected individuals.
Authors:
James C B Li; Kin-yi Au; Jun-wei Fang; Howard C H Yim; Kin-hung Chow; Pak-leung Ho; Allan S Y Lau
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't    
Journal Detail:
Title:  AIDS (London, England)     Volume:  25     ISSN:  1473-5571     ISO Abbreviation:  AIDS     Publication Date:  2011 Jan 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-12-01     Completed Date:  2011-03-25     Revised Date:  2011-04-19    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8710219     Medline TA:  AIDS     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  15-25     Citation Subset:  IM; X    
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Autophagy* / genetics,  immunology
Blotting, Western
Cells, Cultured
HIV Infections / genetics,  metabolism*
HIV-1 / pathogenicity*
Humans
Interferon-gamma / metabolism*
Macrophages / immunology
Signal Transduction / genetics,  immunology*
Transcriptional Activation
tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / genetics,  immunology*,  pharmacology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; 82115-62-6/Interferon-gamma
Comments/Corrections
Erratum In:
AIDS. 2011 Jan 28;25(3):395-6

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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