| Graphene Based Nanoplatelets: A New Risk to the Respiratory System as a Consequence of their Unusual Aerodynamic Properties. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22195731 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Graphene is a new nanomaterial with unusual and useful physical and chemical properties. However, in the form of nanoplatelets this new, emerging material could pose unusual risks to the respiratory system after inhalation exposure. The graphene-based nanoplatelets used in this study are commercially available and consisted of several sheets of graphene (few-layer graphene). We first derived the respirability of graphene nanoplatelets (GP) from the basic principles of the aerodynamic behaviour of plate-shaped particles which allowed us to calculate their aerodynamic diameter. This showed that the nanoplatelets, which were up to 25 µm in diameter, were respirable and so would deposit beyond the ciliated airways following inhalation. We therefore utilised models of pharyngeal aspiration and direct intrapleural installation of GP, as well as an in vitro model, to assess their inflammatory potential. These large but respirable GP were inflammogenic in both the lung and the pleural space. MIP-1, MCP-1, MIP-2, IL-8 and IL-1 expression in the BAL, the pleural lavage and cell culture supernatant from THP-1 macrophages were increased with GP exposure compared to controls but not with nanoparticulate carbon black (CB). In vitro, macrophages exposed to GP showed expression of IL-1. This study highlights the importance of nanoplatelet form as a driver for in vivo and in vitro inflammogenicity by virtue of their respirable aerodynamic diameter, despite considerable 2-dimensional size which leads to frustrated phagocytosis when they deposit in the distal lungs and macrophages attempt to phagocytose them. Our data suggest that nanoplatelets pose a novel nano-hazard and structure-toxicity relationships in nanoparticle toxicology. |
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Authors:
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Anja Schinwald; Fiona A Murphy; Alan Jones; William Macnee; Ken Donaldson |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-12-23 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: ACS nano Volume: - ISSN: 1936-086X ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-26 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101313589 Medline TA: ACS Nano Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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