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Goldberger's Electrocardiographic Triad in Patients With Echocardiographic Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22177001     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
In 1982, Goldberger described an electrocardiographic triad (SV(1) or SV(2) + RV(5) or RV(6) ≥3.5 mV, total QRS amplitude in each of the limb leads ≤0.8 mV, and R/S ratio <1 in lead V(4)) that was 70% sensitive and >90% specific for detecting severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. To confirm his sensitivity results, in 51 consecutive patients (36 men) aged 28 to 84 years (mean 56) with LV ejection fractions ≤20%, the electrocardiographic triad was sought in the electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded closest in time to the echocardiographic study. All 51 patients had systemic arterial hypertension. Evidence of ischemia was present in 7 and absent in 38, and in 6 patients, ischemic status was unknown. In 49 patients, New York Heart Association functional class was available: class II in 8, class III in 32, and class IV in 9. LV ejection fractions ranged from 4% to 20% (mean 14%), and LV internal end-diastolic diameters ranged from 5.7 to 8.6 cm (mean 6.6). Left atrial anteroposterior diameters ranged from 2.9 to 6.1 cm (mean 4.7) and were ≥4.0 cm in 47 of the 51 patients. The right ventricular cavity was enlarged in 22 patients. SV(1) or SV(2) + RV(5) or RV(6) was ≥3.5 mV in 29 of the 51 ECGs; total QRS amplitude was ≤0.8 mV in each of leads I, II, and III in 10; and the R/S ratio was <1 in lead V(4) in 37. Only 1 of the 51 ECGs met all 3 criteria. In contrast to Goldberger's finding of the triad to be 70% sensitive for severe LV dysfunction, in this study, the triad was found to be only 2% sensitive. The difference is likely due to his patients' having idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas those in this study had hypertensive cardiomyopathy with or without ischemia. Also, in this study, 1 specific ECG was used for each patient, whereas Goldberger reviewed all of the patients' ECGs looking for the triad. In conclusion, Goldberger's triad is a sensitive or insensitive marker for severe LV dysfunction depending on the patient population and the number of ECGs reviewed.
Authors:
Christina Lopez; Camelia C Ilie; D Luke Glancy; Roberto E Quintal
Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2011-12-15
Journal Detail:
Title:  The American journal of cardiology     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1879-1913     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2011 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-12-19     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0207277     Medline TA:  Am J Cardiol     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Copyright Information:
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Interim LSU Public Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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