| Glutamate and Multiple Sclerosis. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22304707 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered for a long period of time as a typical inflammatory, demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system due to autoimmunity targeting oligodendrocytes with sparing of axons until advanced stages of the disease. For this reason, most of the earliest experimental studies focused on cytokines and chemokines role at the site of oligodendrocytes loss and on the importance in MS pathogenesis of classical inflammatory mechanisms. As a result, several attempts to treat MS through reduction of the local inflammatory milieau have been performed, leading to the current "immunomodulatory" treatment of the disease. However, more recently the importance of axonal loss and neurodegeneration even in the earliest stages of MS has also been recognized, and additional or concomitant players have been therefore searched. Evidence is now increasing that excessive glutamate is released at the site of demyelination and axonal degeneration in MS plaques, and the most probable candidates for this cellular release are infiltrating leukocytes and activated microglia. These observations are no longer simply preclinical results obtained in the MS animal model, i.e. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but have already been partially confirmed by post-mortem studies and in vivo analysis in MS patients, thus raising the possibility that modulation of glutamate release and transport as well as receptors blockade might be relevant targets for the development of future therapeutic interventions. |
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Authors:
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M Frigo; M G Cogo; L Fusco; M Gardinetti; B Frigeni |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-2-1 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current medicinal chemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1875-533X ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-2-6 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9440157 Medline TA: Curr Med Chem Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza (MB), Italy. barbarafrigeni@hotmail.com. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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