| Ginsenoside Rg5 ameliorates lung inflammation in mice by inhibiting the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor-4 on macrophages. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22107725 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Heating and steaming processes have been applied to various natural medicines for either enhancing or altering their pharmacological activities, and these processes frequently change the chemical compositions of the active components contained in the medicines. While ginsenoside Rb1, which is the major constituent of raw ginseng, has been studied extensively for its anti-inflammatory effect, the biological activity of ginsenoside Rg5, a major constituent of steamed ginseng, remains to be explored. Here, we isolated Rg5 and examined anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and on LPS-induced lung inflammation in both tissue culture and mouse systems. First, treatment with Rg5 inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as inflammatory enzymes, COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Treatment with Rg5 also reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK)-1 and IKK-β, as well as the degradation of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4. Rg5 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB by immunoblotting, as well as the translocation of p65 into the nucleus by a confocal microscope. When macrophages were treated with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated LPS in the presence of Rg5, the fluorescence intensity of LPS observed outside the cell membrane by a confocal microscope was lower than those in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages alone. Second, treatment with Rg5 in the lung inflammation model of mice, which was intraperitoneally injected with LPS, inhibited the levels of protein and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β. Finally, we also observed that the treatment with LPS in the presence of Rg5 inhibited iNOS and COX expressions, as well as NF-κB activation in mice. The inhibitory effect of Rg5 (10mg/kg) was comparable to that of dexamethasone (5mg/kg). Based on these findings, Rg5 can ameliorate lung inflammation possibly by inhibiting the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 on macrophages. |
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Authors:
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Tae-Wan Kim; Eun-Ha Joh; Baek Kim; Dong-Hyun Kim |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-18 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: International immunopharmacology Volume: - ISSN: 1878-1705 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-23 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100965259 Medline TA: Int Immunopharmacol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
Affiliation:
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College of Pharmacy, University of Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4495, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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