| Ghrelin: structure and function. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 15788704 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Small synthetic molecules called growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. They act through the GHS-R, a G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand has only been discovered recently. Using a reverse pharmacology paradigm with a stable cell line expressing GHS-R, we purified an endogenous ligand for GHS-R from rat stomach and named it "ghrelin," after a word root ("ghre") in Proto-Indo-European languages meaning "grow." Ghrelin is a peptide hormone in which the third amino acid, usually a serine but in some species a threonine, is modified by a fatty acid; this modification is essential for ghrelin's activity. The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by ghrelin derived from the stomach. In addition, ghrelin stimulates appetite by acting on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a region known to control food intake. Ghrelin is orexigenic; it is secreted from the stomach and circulates in the bloodstream under fasting conditions, indicating that it transmits a hunger signal from the periphery to the central nervous system. Taking into account all these activities, ghrelin plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates. |
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Authors:
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Masayasu Kojima; Kenji Kangawa |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Physiological reviews Volume: 85 ISSN: 0031-9333 ISO Abbreviation: Physiol. Rev. Publication Date: 2005 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2005-03-24 Completed Date: 2005-04-14 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0231714 Medline TA: Physiol Rev Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 495-522 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Hyakunenkouen 1-1, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan. mkojima@lsi.kurume-u.ac.jp |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acid Sequence Animals Ghrelin Humans Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Hormones / chemistry*, genetics, metabolism, physiology* Structure-Activity Relationship Tissue Distribution |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Ghrelin; 0/Peptide Hormones |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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