| Gastrointestinal hormones and the regulation of β-cell mass. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21039588 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Type 2 diabetes occurs due to a relative deficit in β-cell mass or function. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastrin are gastrointestinal hormones that are secreted in response to nutrient intake, regulating digestion, insulin secretion, satiety, and β-cell mass. In this review, we focus upon β-cell mass regulation. β-cell mass expands through β-cell proliferation and islet neogenesis; β-cell mass is lost via apoptosis. GLP-1 and GIP are well-studied gastrointestinal hormones and influence β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, and islet neogenesis. CCK regulates β-cell apoptosis and mitogenesis, and gastrin stimulates islet neogenesis. GLP-1 and GIP bind to G protein-coupled receptors and regulate β-cell mass via multiple signaling pathways. The protein kinase A pathway is central to this process because it directly regulates proliferative and anti-apoptotic genes and transactivates several signaling cascades, including Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases. However, the signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled CCK receptors that influence β-cell mass remain unidentified. Gastrointestinal hormones integrate nutrient signals from the gut to the β-cell, regulating insulin secretion and β-cell mass adaptation. |
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Authors:
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Jeremy A Lavine; Alan D Attie |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review Date: 2010-10-29 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume: 1212 ISSN: 1749-6632 ISO Abbreviation: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Publication Date: 2010 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-11-24 Completed Date: 2010-12-14 Revised Date: 2010-12-30 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7506858 Medline TA: Ann N Y Acad Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 41-58 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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© 2010 New York Academy of Sciences. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cell Count Cell Proliferation / drug effects Gastrointestinal Hormones / metabolism, pharmacology, physiology* Humans Insulin-Secreting Cells / cytology*, drug effects, physiology Islets of Langerhans / anatomy & histology*, cytology, drug effects, physiology Models, Biological Organ Size / drug effects Regeneration / drug effects, physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Gastrointestinal Hormones |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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