| On the future development of optimally-sized lipid-insoluble systemic therapies for CNS solid tumors and other neuropathologies. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20722627 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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It remains a challenge to deliver effective concentrations of therapeutics into CNS pathologies, which is primarily due to the fact that current and investigational CNS therapeutics are suboptimally-sized to accumulate to effective concentrations in individual diseased CNS tissue cells. The blood-CNS barrier of blood capillary microvasculature within neuropathologic tissues is known to be permeable to lipid-insoluble macromolecules in a wide-spectrum of neuropathologies. In the case of CNS solid tumor tissue blood capillaries, the physiological upper limit of pore size to the transcapillary passage of spherical lipid-insoluble macromolecules is approximately 12 nanometers, and systemically administered imageable dendrimer nanoparticles within the 7 to 10 nanometer size range accumulate to therapeutic concentrations in solid tumors since this size range of particles maintain peak blood concentrations for several hours. In preliminary pre-clinical studies, it has recently been shown that one intravenous dose of small molecule chemotherapy-conjugated imageable dendrimer nanoparticles within the 7 to 10 nanometer size range, with doxorubicin bound to the particle exterior via acid-labile covalent linkages, is effective at regressing orthotopic rodent malignant gliomas. Although it is foreseeable that such drug-conjugated imageable nanoparticles within the 7 to 10 nanometer size range will be effective theranostic agents for the concurrent treatment (i.e. neutron capture therapy) and imaging (i.e. magnetic resonance) of solid tumor disease, the issue of maintaining a neutralized particle exterior following the attachment of cationic drugs will need to be addressed to eliminate cationic charge-mediated nanoparticle toxicity to blood capillary walls. In this review, the ultrastructural basis for blood capillary microvascular permeability to lipid-insoluble macromolecules is discussed, and the importance of delineating the precise physiologic upper limits of pore size in the blood capillary microvasculature of other CNS pathologies, including neurodegenerative, inflammatory and ischemic CNS diseases, is emphasized. The discussion herein will serve as guide for the future development of optimally-sized, non-toxic and non-immunogenic lipid-insoluble systemic therapies, which should be the focus of future patent applications and patents on CNS drug development. |
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Authors:
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Hemant Sarin |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Recent patents on CNS drug discovery Volume: 5 ISSN: 2212-3954 ISO Abbreviation: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Publication Date: 2010 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-09-30 Completed Date: 2011-01-31 Revised Date: 2011-11-10 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101265656 Medline TA: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Country: United Arab Emirates |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 239-52 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. hemantsarin74@gmail.com |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry, pharmacokinetics* Blood-Brain Barrier / physiology*, physiopathology Capillary Permeability Central Nervous System Agents / chemistry*, pharmacokinetics* Central Nervous System Diseases / drug therapy* Central Nervous System Neoplasms / blood supply, drug therapy* Drug Delivery Systems Drug Design* Humans Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Molecular Conformation Nanotechnology Particle Size Solubility Technology, Pharmaceutical |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Antineoplastic Agents; 0/Central Nervous System Agents |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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