| Fungi and mycotoxins in vineyards and grape products. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17765989 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Many fungi may occur on grapes during growth in the vineyard, but the main concern from the viewpoint of mycotoxin contamination is the black Aspergilli, Aspergillus carbonarius and A. niger. These fungi are capable of producing ochratoxin A (OA) which may contaminate grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. Understanding the ecology and physiology of the black Aspergilli can provide tools for management of OA at all stages of grape production and processing. In the vineyard, careful management of cultivation, irrigation and pruning can assist in minimising the levels of black Aspergilli in the soil, which in turn, can minimise contamination of grapes by these fungi. Minimising damage to grapes on the vine by the use of open vine canopies, grape varieties with resistance to rain damage and by the management of insect pests and fungal diseases (e.g., mildew, Botrytis bunch rot) can reduce the incidence of Aspergillus rot in mature berries. The risk of OA in table grapes can be minimised by careful visual inspection to avoid damaged and discoloured berries. In wine, harvesting grapes with minimal damage, rapid processing and good sanitation practices in the winery assist in minimising OA. During vinification, pressing of grapes, and clarification steps which remove grape solids, grape proteins and spent yeast can also remove a significant proportion of OA. For dried vine fruit production, avoiding berry damage, rapid drying, and final cleaning and sorting to remove dark berries can reduce overall OA levels in finished products. |
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Authors:
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Ailsa D Hocking; Su-Lin L Leong; Benozir A Kazi; Robert W Emmett; Eileen S Scott |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2007-08-09 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: International journal of food microbiology Volume: 119 ISSN: 0168-1605 ISO Abbreviation: Int. J. Food Microbiol. Publication Date: 2007 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-11-12 Completed Date: 2008-02-01 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8412849 Medline TA: Int J Food Microbiol Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 84-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Food Science Australia, PO Box 52, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. ailsa.hocking@csiro.au <ailsa.hocking@csiro.au> |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aspergillus
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growth & development*,
metabolism Aspergillus niger / growth & development, metabolism Beverages / analysis Food Contamination / analysis*, prevention & control Food Handling / methods* Food Microbiology Ochratoxins / analysis*, biosynthesis, toxicity Plant Diseases / microbiology Vitis* / chemistry, microbiology Wine / analysis |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Ochratoxins; 303-47-9/ochratoxin A |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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