Document Detail


Functional complementation of mitochondrial DNAs: mobilizing mitochondrial genetics against dysfunction.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19616602     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a 16.6-kb circular genome that is typically found in approximately 1000 copies per cell. Frequently, one or more forms of mtDNA (i.e. wildtype (WT) and one or more mutant variants) will co-exist within an individual cell, a situation termed heteroplasmy; however, it has been unclear how different mitochondria and mtDNA populations interact functionally in a heteroplasmic cell system. Using sequence-specific microscopic methods to examine mtDNA at suborganellar resolution, we examined the submitochondrial organization of mtDNA heteroplasmy in nucleoids, the DNA-protein complexes that organize and package mtDNA. Our recent results reveal that, while heterologous mtDNAs are generally maintained stably in separate nucleoid populations, the two mtDNAs transcomplement each other to restore WT-like levels of mitochondrial function and morphology. These findings reveal that the diffusion of mtDNA-derived transcripts through the mitochondrial matrix allows for transcomplementation, despite the apparent genetic autonomy of nucleoids. The fundamental ability of mtDNAs to complement each other within the matrix of the mitochondrial network provides a mechanistic basis for therapeutic strategies designed to restore mitochondrial function in heteroplasmic cells by increasing WT mtDNA content, particularly in light of the emerging connection between the processes of mitochondrial fission/fusion and mtDNA nucleoid organization.
Authors:
Eric A Schon; Robert W Gilkerson
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review     Date:  2009-07-17
Journal Detail:
Title:  Biochimica et biophysica acta     Volume:  1800     ISSN:  0006-3002     ISO Abbreviation:  Biochim. Biophys. Acta     Publication Date:  2010 Mar 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-02-22     Completed Date:  2010-05-03     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0217513     Medline TA:  Biochim Biophys Acta     Country:  Netherlands    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  245-9     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Russ Berrie Pavilion 307, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
DNA, Circular / genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics*
Genetic Complementation Test*
Genetic Variation
Genome
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MELAS Syndrome / genetics
Mitochondria / genetics*,  metabolism,  pathology
Mitochondrial Membranes / metabolism,  pathology
Oxygen Consumption
Transcription Factors / genetics,  metabolism
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/DNA, Circular; 0/DNA, Mitochondrial; 0/Transcription Factors; 56-65-5/Adenosine Triphosphate

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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