| Frontalis midline dehiscence: an anatomical study and discussion of clinical relevance. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18468501 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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HYPOTHESIS: The frontalis muscle has a midline dehiscence that has not been well described. The anatomic characteristics of the muscles of the central forehead are important to effectively treat rhytids in this area, e.g. with botulinum toxin. METHODS: Anatomical dissections of 21 cadaver foreheads. RESULTS: For males, the midline attenuation point occurred in a range from 1.4 to 6 cm above the horizontal orbital rim plane, with the mean being 3.5+/-1.6 cm. The mean angle of the left muscle belly in the male cadavers was 26.0+/-17.4 degrees off the midline, while the right was 36.4+/-14.9 degrees. Overall average angulation was 62.4 degrees (Figure 4). The mean distances between left and right muscle bellies at 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm superior to the orbital rim were 1.2 cm, 1.9 cm and 3.1 cm, respectively. The mean distance of dehiscence in the midline from the horizontal reference plane of the female cadavers was 3.7+/-1.8 cm, with a range of 1.3 to 6.0 cm. The left frontalis belly formed an angle with the midline of 15.9+/-16.6 degrees, while the right belly formed an angle of 22.3+/-20.1 degrees, with an overall average angle of 38.2 degrees. The interbelly distances at 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm were 0.4 cm, 0.9 cm, 1.7 cm and 2.6 cm, respectively. One third of females had no midline frontalis dehiscence at 6 cm above the orbital rims. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomic characterization of the midline frontalis muscle dehiscence permits more intelligent placement of chemotherapeutic agents when treating forehead rhytids. |
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Authors:
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Jeffrey H Spiegel; Ryan C Goerig; Rebecca S Lufler; Todd M Hoagland |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2008-05-08 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS Volume: 62 ISSN: 1878-0539 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2009 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-06-22 Completed Date: 2009-07-13 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101264239 Medline TA: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 950-4 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. jeffrey.spiegel@bmc.org |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Botulinum Toxin Type A / administration & dosage* Cadaver Facial Muscles / anatomy & histology*, drug effects Female Forehead Humans Male Neuromuscular Agents / administration & dosage* Practice Guidelines as Topic Surgical Wound Dehiscence |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Botulinum Toxin Type A; 0/Neuromuscular Agents |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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