Document Detail


Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and color of penguin feathers.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20929737     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils to inform their evolution. A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene (~36 million years ago) of Peru. The fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses of fossilized color-imparting melanosomes reveal that their dimensions were similar to those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the feathering may have been predominantly gray and reddish-brown. In contrast, the dark black-brown color of extant penguin feathers is generated by large, ellipsoidal melanosomes previously unknown for birds. The nanostructure of penguin feathers was thus modified after earlier macrostructural modifications of feather shape linked to aquatic flight.
Authors:
Julia A Clarke; Daniel T Ksepka; Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi; Ali J Altamirano; Matthew D Shawkey; Liliana D'Alba; Jakob Vinther; Thomas J DeVries; Patrice Baby
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.     Date:  2010-09-30
Journal Detail:
Title:  Science (New York, N.Y.)     Volume:  330     ISSN:  1095-9203     ISO Abbreviation:  Science     Publication Date:  2010 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-11-12     Completed Date:  2010-12-14     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0404511     Medline TA:  Science     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  954-7     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. julia_clarke@jsg.utexas.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Biological Evolution*
Bone and Bones / anatomy & histology
Feathers / anatomy & histology*,  ultrastructure
Fossils*
Melanosomes / ultrastructure
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Peru
Phylogeny
Pigmentation*
Spheniscidae / anatomy & histology*,  classification
Wing / anatomy & histology

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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