| Formation of mutagens following chlorination of humic acid. A model for mutagen formation during drinking water treatment. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 6223225 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Aqueous chlorination of humic acids results in the formation of compounds with direct-acting mutagenic activity in the Ames/Salmonella plate assay for tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. The addition of a rat-liver microsomal fraction (S9) plus cofactors causes a substantial decrease of activity, the extent of which is tester strain dependent. The non-chlorinated humic acids are not mutagenic either in the presence or absence of S9. Formation of mutagenic activity and of total organic halogen (TOX) is linearly related to humic concentration in the range of 0.2-1.6 mg/ml total organic carbon (TOC), and to chlorine concentration in the range of 0.1-1.0 chlorine equivalents per mole of carbon. The mutagenic activity is due predominantly to non-volatile compounds. Mutagenic activity is also detectable, after sample concentration by lyophilization, upon chlorination at a humic acid level of 0.02 mg/ml TOC. The specific mutagenic activities (per mg TOX), and also the degree of chlorine incorporation into humic acid, at 0.02 mg/ml TOC are similar to those present after chlorination at 1 mg/ml TOC. Production of mutagens is greatly dependent on the chlorination pH, with a pattern of decreasing mutagenic activity with increasing pH. This order of activity can be at least partially explained by the alkali liability of the compounds. Chlorination of commercial humic acids is proposed as a model for examination of mutagen formation during water chlorination. |
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Authors:
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J R Meier; R D Lingg; R J Bull |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Mutation research Volume: 118 ISSN: 0027-5107 ISO Abbreviation: Mutat. Res. Publication Date: 1983 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1983-08-26 Completed Date: 1983-08-26 Revised Date: 2008-11-21 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0400763 Medline TA: Mutat Res Country: NETHERLANDS |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 25-41 Citation Subset: IM |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Chemical Phenomena Chemistry Chlorine* Humic Substances* Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Microsomes, Liver Mutagenicity Tests Mutagens / chemical synthesis* Rats Salmonella typhimurium Water* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Humic Substances; 0/Mutagens; 7732-18-5/Water; 7782-50-5/Chlorine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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