Document Detail


Formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs specifically affect cancer cells by depletion of intracellular glutathione and augmentation of reactive oxygen species.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18030472     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Histone deacetylase inhibitory prodrugs that are metabolized to carboxylic acid(s) and aldehyde(s) possess antineoplastic properties. Formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs were shown to be the most potent. The objective of this study was to gain understanding on the mode of action of these prodrugs in cancer cells. HL-60 and MCF-7 cells in the presence of N-acetylcysteine or glutathione were protected from death induced by formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs but not from death caused by the homologous acetaldehyde-releasing ones. Cell death induced by the former was accompanied by depletion of intracellular glutathione and increased reactive oxygen species that were attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. At fourfold higher concentration, acetaldehyde-releasing prodrugs increased reactive oxygen species that were further augmented by N-acetylcysteine. In HL-60 cells, formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione or N-acetylcysteine restored it. Although acetaldehyde-releasing prodrugs dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, it occurred at 20-fold greater concentration and was unaffected by the antioxidants. Formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs abrogated c-myc protein expression and elevated c-Jun and H2AX phosphorylation, N-acetylcysteine partially reversed these changes. Herein, we show that formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs diminish the level of glutathione most likely by forming S-formylglutathione adducts resulting in increase of reactive oxygen species followed by signaling events that lead to cancer cells death.
Authors:
Inesa Levovich; Abraham Nudelman; Gili Berkovitch; Lonnie P Swift; Suzanne M Cutts; Don R Phillips; Ada Rephaeli
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2007-11-21
Journal Detail:
Title:  Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology     Volume:  62     ISSN:  0344-5704     ISO Abbreviation:  Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.     Publication Date:  2008 Aug 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2008-06-18     Completed Date:  2008-09-04     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7806519     Medline TA:  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol     Country:  Germany    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  471-82     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Acetaldehyde / chemistry,  pharmacology
Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry,  pharmacology*
Apoptosis / drug effects*
Blotting, Western
Cell Line, Tumor
Formaldehyde / chemistry,  pharmacology*
Glutathione / metabolism*
Humans
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / drug effects
Molecular Structure
Prodrugs / chemistry,  pharmacology*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antineoplastic Agents; 0/Prodrugs; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species; 50-00-0/Formaldehyde; 616-91-1/Acetylcysteine; 70-18-8/Glutathione; 75-07-0/Acetaldehyde

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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