| Fetal development of deep back muscles in the human thoracic region with a focus on transversospinalis muscles and the medial branch of the spinal nerve posterior ramus. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21954879 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Fetal development of human deep back muscles has not yet been fully described, possibly because of the difficulty in identifying muscle bundle directions in horizontal sections. Here, we prepared near-frontal sections along the thoracic back skin (eight fetuses) as well as horizontal sections (six fetuses) from 14 mid-term fetuses at 9-15 weeks of gestation. In the deep side of the trapezius and rhomboideus muscles, the CD34-positive thoracolumbar fascia was evident even at 9 weeks. Desmin-reactivity was strong and homogeneous in the superficial muscle fibers in contrast to the spotty expression in the deep fibers. Thus, in back muscles, formation of the myotendinous junction may start from the superficial muscles and advance to the deep muscles. The fact that developing intramuscular tendons were desmin-negative suggested little possibility of a secondary change from the muscle fibers to tendons. We found no prospective spinalis muscle or its tendinous connections with other muscles. Instead, abundant CD68-positive macrophages along the spinous process at 15 weeks suggested a change in muscle attachment, an event that may result in a later formation of the spinalis muscle. S100-positive intramuscular nerves exhibited downward courses from the multifidus longus muscle in the original segment to the rotatores brevis muscles in the inferiorly adjacent level. The medial cutaneous nerve had already reached the thoracolumbar fascia at 9 weeks, but by 15 weeks the nerve could not penetrate the trapezius muscle. Finally, we propose a folded myotomal model of the primitive transversospinalis muscle that seems to explain a fact that the roofing tile-like configuration of nerve twigs in the semispinalis muscle is reversed in the multifidus and rotatores muscles. |
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Authors:
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Tatsuo Sato; Masahiro Koizumi; Ji Hyun Kim; Jeong Hyun Kim; Bao Jian Wang; Gen Murakami; Baik Hwan Cho |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-9-29 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of anatomy Volume: - ISSN: 1469-7580 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-9-29 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0137162 Medline TA: J Anat Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Anatomy © 2011 Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. |
Affiliation:
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Division of Basic Sciences, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Science, Tokyo, Japan Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan. |
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