| Fat: a matter of disturbance for the immune system. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20939104 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. There is compelling evidence that both overnutrition and undernutrition negatively interfere with the immune system. Overnutrition has been found to increase susceptibility to the development of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the regulation of immune and inflammatory processes, white adipose tissue plays a critical role, not only as an energy store but also as an important endocrine organ. The obese state is characterised by a low-grade systemic inflammation, mainly as a result of increased adipocytes as well as fat resident- and recruited-macrophage activity. In the past few years, various products of adipose tissue including adipokines and cytokines have been characterised and a number of pathways linking adipose tissue metabolism with the immune system have been identified. Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in hepatic steatosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a wide spectrum of diseases, from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. Although steatosis is considered a non-progressive disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis may deteriorate in advanced chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important parallel between obesity-related pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages, and growing evidence suggests that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a close link between specific immune activation and atherosclerosis has been well established, suggesting that fat can directly trigger immune responses. This review discusses the role of fat as "a matter of disturbance for the immune system" with a focus on hepatic steatosis. |
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Authors:
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Alessandro Federico; Elena D'Aiuto; Francesco Borriello; Giusi Barra; Antonietta Gerarda Gravina; Marco Romano; Raffaele De Palma |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Volume: 16 ISSN: 1007-9327 ISO Abbreviation: World J. Gastroenterol. Publication Date: 2010 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-10-12 Completed Date: 2011-01-28 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100883448 Medline TA: World J Gastroenterol Country: China |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 4762-72 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy. raffaele.depalma@unina2.it |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adipose Tissue
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physiopathology* Animals Cytokines / immunology Fatty Liver / immunology, physiopathology Humans Immune System / physiopathology* Killer Cells, Natural / immunology Kupffer Cells / immunology Myeloid Cells / immunology, physiology Obesity* / immunology, physiopathology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cytokines |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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