Document Detail


Factors contributing to plasma TCO(2) and acid-base state in Ontario Standardbred racehorses.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21059066     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Data-Review    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Reasons for performing study: Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses around the world are tested for performance enhancing substances. Among these are blood alkalising substances that raise plasma pH and total carbon dioxide (TCO(2) ) concentration. However, many horses have an elevated TCO(2) due to dietary, environmental and health concerns without having been administered an alkalising substance. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the acid-base profile of a cross section of Standardbred horses in racing/race training in Ontario and the main independent variables that contributed to acid-base state. Materials and methods: On nonracing days, blood from 211 horses at rest, from 9 training facilities, was analysed within 30 min for plasma pH (7.406 ± 0.039; mean ± s.e.), PCO(2) (50.0 ± 3.4 mmHg), from which [HCO(3) (-) ] (31.2 ± 2.8 mmol/l) and [TCO(2) ] (33.1 ± 2.9 mmol/l; range 25.66-42.9) were calculated. From these, a subset of 161 horses had full data sets for plasma protein and strong ion concentrations. These data were further analysed by facility and level of TCO(2) . Data on nutrition, training, racing and medications were also collected. Results: There were significant differences amongst facilities with respect to plasma pH, TCO(2) , strong ion difference ([SID]), PCO(2) and total weak acid concentration ([A(tot) ]). Horses having the highest TCO(2) (37.0-42.9 mmol/l, n = 16) had significantly higher [SID] (52.9 ± 0.8 mEq/l) and PCO(2) (52.5 ± 0.7 mmHg) and relatively low [A(tot) ] (14.9 ± 0.7 mEq/l) compared to average TCO(2) (32.1.0-34.9 mmol/l) horses (n = 75). In horses with the lowest TCO(2) (n = 11) the greatest contributor was elevated [A(tot) ] (21.0 ± 0.7 mEq/l) and unmeasured (acetate, citrate, proprionate, butyrate) weak acids (7.0 ± 0.2 mEq/l) while [SID] (49.6 ± 0.8 mEq/l) and PCO(2) (47.8 ± 1.0 mmHg) were similar to average TCO(2) horses. Thirty-two horses had a TCO(2) ranging from 35.0-36.9 mmol/l). Conclusions: There is a wide range of acid-base state and factors contributing to acid-base state amongst Standardbred race horses in Ontario. Dietary, environmental and handling practices and health concerns, that elevate plasma [SID], lower [A(tot) ] and lower the concentration of unmeasured weak acids are the primary contributors to alkalosis and elevated TCO(2) .
Authors:
A P Waller; W Pearson; M I Lindinger
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Equine veterinary journal     Volume:  42 Suppl 38     ISSN:  2042-3306     ISO Abbreviation:  Equine Vet. J.     Publication Date:  2010 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-11-09     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0173320     Medline TA:  Equine Vet J     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  592-600     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
© 2010 EVJ Ltd.
Affiliation:
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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