| Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields modulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCat: potential therapeutic effects in wound healing. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19799606 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are known to produce a variety of biological effects. Clinical studies are ongoing using EMF in healing of bone fractures and skin wounds. However, little is known about the mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF. Several studies have demonstrated that expression and regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are vital for wound healing; however, no reports have demonstrated a direct action of ELF-EMF in the modulation of these inflammatory molecules in human keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES: The present study analysed the effect of ELF-EMF on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT in order to assess the mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF and to provide further support for their therapeutic use in wound healing. METHODS: Exposed HaCaT cells were compared with unexposed control cells. At different exposure times, expression of inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and COX-2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Modulation of iNOS and eNOS was monitored by evaluation of NOS activities, production of nitric oxide (NO) and O(2)(-) and expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, catalase activity and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production were determined. Effects of ELF-EMF on cell growth and viability were monitored. RESULTS: The exposure of HaCaT cells to ELF-EMF increased iNOS and eNOS expression levels. These ELF-EMF-dependent increased expression levels were paralled by increased NOS activities, and increased NO production. In addition, higher levels of AP-1 expression as well as a higher cell proliferation rate were associated with ELF-EMF exposure. In contrast, ELF-EMF decreased COX-2 expression, PGE(2) production, catalase activity and O(2)(-) production. CONCLUSIONS: Mediators of inflammation, such as reactive nitrogen and PGE(2), and keratinocyte proliferation are critical for the tissue regenerative processes. The ability of ELF-EMF to upmodulate NOS activities, thus nitrogen intermediates, as well as cell proliferation, and to downregulate COX-2 expression and the downstream intermediate PGE(2), highlights the potential therapeutic role of ELF-EMF in wound healing processes. |
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Authors:
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A Patruno; P Amerio; M Pesce; G Vianale; S Di Luzio; A Tulli; S Franceschelli; A Grilli; R Muraro; M Reale |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2009-10-03 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The British journal of dermatology Volume: 162 ISSN: 1365-2133 ISO Abbreviation: Br. J. Dermatol. Publication Date: 2010 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-04-08 Completed Date: 2010-05-26 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0004041 Medline TA: Br J Dermatol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 258-66 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Drug Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Cell Line Cell Proliferation Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism* Electromagnetic Fields Humans Keratinocytes / metabolism* Magnetic Field Therapy / methods* Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism* Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / metabolism* Wound Healing* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; EC 1.14.99.1/Cyclooxygenase 2 |
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