| Expanded paper towel test: an objective test of urine loss for stress incontinence. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 15382187 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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AIM: To investigate the repeatability of a short stress test of coughing and jumping (the expanded Paper Towel Test (PTT)) to quantify urine loss in stress incontinent adult women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the laboratory, the reliability of two methods of measuring the size of the wet area, produced by a typical volume of water titrated onto paper towel was investigated and some absorbency properties of the brand of towel used were quantified. Thirty one women performed a provocative coughing and jumping test on consecutive days using a "perineal pad" of paper towel. The repeatability coefficient was calculated. RESULTS: The provocative test was repeatable to within 2.8 ml of urine loss, but with the exclusion of one anomalous result, the repeatability improved to lie within 1 ml. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the between-method differences (computer scanning and graph paper) was 1.27%. A volume of 1 ml of water produced a wet area of 25.7 cm2. The range of measurable areas corresponded to volumes of 0.005-8 ml. Standardization of method is required because the size of the wet area differed by manufacturer of paper towel (P < 0.01, two products compared) and with time elapsed since titration (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The "expanded PTT" is a simple tool for quantification of urine loss (0.005-8 ml) in women to 72 years with stress incontinence. With a suggested modification, it should prove reliable for detection of between-visit differences of 1 ml. The reliability of the test is dependent upon the use of standard protocol and paper towel with known volume-area ratio. To improve clinical diagnosis, it can also be used with any brand of paper towel to confirm the sign of stress incontinence on exertion. |
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Authors:
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Patricia Neumann; Leigh Blizzard; Karen Grimmer; Ruth Grant |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Neurourology and urodynamics Volume: 23 ISSN: 0733-2467 ISO Abbreviation: Neurourol. Urodyn. Publication Date: 2004 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-09-27 Completed Date: 2004-12-07 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8303326 Medline TA: Neurourol Urodyn Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 649-55 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Affiliation:
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School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. cpneumann@ozemail.com.au |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Absorption Adult Age Factors Aged Calibration Cough / complications Female Humans Incontinence Pads* Middle Aged Movement Reproducibility of Results Urinary Incontinence, Stress / diagnosis*, epidemiology, urine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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