| Exercise-associated generation of PPARγ ligands activates PPARγ signalling events and upregulates genes related to lipid metabolism. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22174394 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The current study aimed to test the hypotheses that exercise is associated with generation of PPARγ ligands in the plasma, and that this may activate PPARγ signalling within circulating monocytes, thus providing a mechanism to underpin the exercise-induced anti-atherogenic benefits observed in previous studies. A cohort of healthy individuals undertook an 8-week exercise training programme; samples were obtained before ('pre') and after ('post') standardised submaximal exercise bouts (45min cycling; 70% VO(2)max, determined at baseline) undertaken at Weeks 0, 4, 8. Addition of plasma samples to PPRE-Luciferase reporter gene assays showed increased PPARγ activity following standardised exercise bouts ('Week 0 post/pre': 1.23±0.10; P<0.05), suggesting that PPARγ ligands were generated during exercise. However, increases in PPARγ/PPRE-Luciferase activity seen in response to the same standardised exercise bout were blunted during the training programme ('Week 4 post/pre': 1.18±0.14 (P>0.05); 'Week 8 post/pre': 1.10±0.10 (P>0.05)), suggesting that the relative intensity of the exercise undertaken may affect PPARγ ligand generation. In untrained individuals, monocyte expression of PPARγ-regulated genes underwent specific transient increases within 1.5-3h of exercise (CD36: 1.7±0.4-fold; LXRα: 2.6±0.4-fold; ABCA1: 1.4±0.1-fold; P<0.05), with expression returning to basal levels within 24h. In contrast, by the end of the exercise programme, expression at the protein level of PPARγ target genes had undergone sustained increases which were not associated with any individual exercise bout (eg. CD36: 'Week 8 pre'/'Week 0 pre': 2.79±0.61; P<0.05). Exercise is known to upregulate PPARγ-controlled genes to induce beneficial effects in skeletal muscle (eg. mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic respiration). We suggest that parallel exercise-induced benefits may occur in monocytes, as monocyte PPARγ activation has been linked to beneficial anti-diabetic effects (eg. exercise-induced upregulation of monocytic PPARγ-controlled genes is associated with reverse cholesterol transport, and with anti-inflammatory effects). Thus, exercise-triggered monocyte PPARγ activation may constitute an additional rationale for prescribing exercise to Type-2 Diabetes patients. |
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Authors:
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Andrew Wyn Thomas; Nia Anne Davies; Hannah Moir; Laura Watkeys; Jose Sofia Ruffino; Suleiman Ahmed Isa; Lee R Butcher; Michael G Hughes; Keith Morris; Richard Webb |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-12-15 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Volume: - ISSN: 1522-1601 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-16 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8502536 Medline TA: J Appl Physiol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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1University of Wales Institute Cardiff. |
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