| Exercise, abdominal obesity, skeletal muscle, and metabolic risk: evidence for a dose response. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19927142 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The obese are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, some who are obese have no metabolic abnormalities. So, it is not adipose tissue per se, but perhaps where it is located that is important for determining metabolic consequences. Regular exercise is known to reduce risk for metabolic disease through numerous mechanisms. The purpose of this report is to highlight some of the efficacy-based data on the effects of exercise (and also a sedentary lifestyle) on abdominal obesity, visceral fat, and metabolic risk. We also discuss how impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in skeletal muscle may be related to both insulin resistance and a contributor to weight gain. In summary, it is evident that exercise in sufficient amounts can lead to substantial decreases in body weight, total body fat, and visceral fat. Additionally, evidence now supports the conclusion that there is a dose-response relationship between exercise amount and these changes, i.e., more exercise leads to additional benefits. Additionally, there are a number of important cardiometabolic risk factors that were most favorably effected by moderate-intensity compared to vigorous-intensity exercise. Unfortunately, it is also apparent that in sedentary middle-aged men and women, short periods of physical inactivity lead to significant weight gain, substantial increases in visceral fat, and further metabolic deterioration. Finally, favorable modulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle by exercise training may reduce a block for complete oxidation of fatty acids in muscle and thereby relieve a block to effective insulin signaling. |
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Authors:
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Cris A Slentz; Joseph A Houmard; William E Kraus |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Volume: 17 Suppl 3 ISSN: 1930-7381 ISO Abbreviation: Obesity (Silver Spring) Publication Date: 2009 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-11-20 Completed Date: 2010-03-02 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101264860 Medline TA: Obesity (Silver Spring) Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: S27-33 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Cris.Slentz@duke.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Body Composition
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physiology Energy Metabolism / physiology Exercise / physiology* Humans Insulin Resistance / physiology Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism* Obesity, Abdominal / metabolism* Risk Factors Sedentary Lifestyle |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HL-57354/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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