Document Detail


Evaluation of localized and systemic immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica: interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and nitric oxide are major regulatory factors.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20102417     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We have established Leishmania tropica as the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the region of India where the disease is endemic. The association between localized and circulating levels of immune-determinants in CL patients was evaluated. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed up-regulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10 and IL-4 in dermal lesions at the pretreatment stage (n = 31) compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001) and a significant down-regulation after treatment (n = 14, P < 0.05). The results indicated that an unfavourable clinical outcome in CL was not related to an inadequate T helper 1 (Th1) cell response, but rather to impairment in multiple immune functions. Comparative assessment of treatment regimes with rifampicin (RFM) or sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) revealed tissue cytokine levels to be significantly reduced after treatment with RFM (P < 0.005), while no significant decrease was evident in the levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 (P > 0.05) as a result of treatment with SAG. Increased transcripts of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.001) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P < 0.05) were evident before treatment in tissue lesions and remained high after treatment. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and IL-8, and moderate expression of iNOS in dermal lesions. The expression levels of IL-8, MCP-1 and nitric oxide (NO) were high in patient sera before treatment, as determined using cytokine bead array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the post-treatment stage, the serum IL-8 levels had decreased; however, the levels of MCP-1 and NO remained high. These data suggest that IL-8 is an effector immune-determinant in the progression of CL, whereas NO facilitates the parasite killing by macrophages via MCP-1-mediated stimulation.
Authors:
Rajesh Kumar; Ram A Bumb; Poonam Salotra
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2010-01-22
Journal Detail:
Title:  Immunology     Volume:  130     ISSN:  1365-2567     ISO Abbreviation:  Immunology     Publication Date:  2010 Jun 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-06-18     Completed Date:  2010-07-09     Revised Date:  2011-10-27    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0374672     Medline TA:  Immunology     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  193-201     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Adult
Antimony Sodium Gluconate / administration & dosage
Antiprotozoal Agents / administration & dosage
Chemokine CCL2 / blood,  immunology*
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
India / epidemiology
Interferon-gamma / blood,  immunology
Interleukin-10 / blood,  immunology
Interleukin-4 / blood,  immunology
Interleukin-8 / blood,  immunology*
Leishmania tropica / immunology*,  metabolism
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / blood,  drug therapy,  epidemiology,  immunology*
Macrophages / immunology*,  metabolism,  pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Nitric Oxide / blood,  immunology
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / biosynthesis,  immunology
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / administration & dosage
Peroxidase / biosynthesis,  immunology
Retrospective Studies
Rifampin / administration & dosage
Th1 Cells / immunology,  metabolism,  pathology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / blood,  immunology
Up-Regulation / drug effects,  immunology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antimony Sodium Gluconate; 0/Antiprotozoal Agents; 0/CCL2 protein, human; 0/Chemokine CCL2; 0/IL10 protein, human; 0/IL4 protein, human; 0/IL8 protein, human; 0/Interleukin-8; 0/Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; 0/Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 130068-27-8/Interleukin-10; 13292-46-1/Rifampin; 207137-56-2/Interleukin-4; 82115-62-6/Interferon-gamma; EC 1.11.1.7/Peroxidase; EC 1.14.13.39/NOS2 protein, human; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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