| Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19801503 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Outbreaks of food-associated renal failure in pets occurred in Asia and the United States of America in 2004 and 2007. They were related to the combined intoxication of cyanuric acid and melamine. Our aims were to investigate cyanuric acid and melamine contamination of pet food and to examine subchronic toxicity in rats. Levels of 10%, 20%, 50%, and 50%-100% (w/w) of contaminated pet food were fed to rats for three months. Analytical results revealed that the tainted food contained significant levels of cyanuric acid and melamine in a ratio of 1:6.8. Rats fed the diet of 50%-100% for three months exhibited elevated serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as dose-dependent melamine/cyanuric acid crystal-induced nephrotoxicity. The melamine/cyanuric acid crystals of various sizes were mixed with necrotic cell debris and inflammatory cells, accompanied by tubular dilation and interstitial fibrosis. The immunohistochemistry index of proliferative cellular nuclear antigen and osteopontin in the kidney of the 50%-100% group were elevated, indicating regeneration of renal cells and the formation of crystals. In conclusion, the combination ratio of cyanuric acid to melamine and the acidic urine content were two factors that, upon repeated exposure, determined the severity of the nephrotoxicity. |
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Authors:
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Kun-Chao Chen; Chen-Wei Liao; Fen-Pang Cheng; Chi-Chung Chou; Shih-Chien Chang; Jhaol-Huei Wu; Jyh-Myng Zen; Yng-Tay Chen; Jiunn-Wang Liao |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Toxicologic pathology Volume: 37 ISSN: 1533-1601 ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol Pathol Publication Date: 2009 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-12-17 Completed Date: 2010-02-18 Revised Date: 2012-01-05 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7905907 Medline TA: Toxicol Pathol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 959-68 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animal Feed
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analysis* Animals Body Weight / drug effects Drinking / drug effects Eating / drug effects Food Contamination* Kidney / drug effects, metabolism, pathology Mycotoxins / analysis, toxicity Osteopontin / metabolism Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / metabolism Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Renal Insufficiency / chemically induced, pathology, veterinary Toxicity Tests Triazines / analysis, toxicity* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Mycotoxins; 0/Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; 0/Triazines; 106441-73-0/Osteopontin; 108-78-1/melamine; 108-80-5/cyanuric acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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