Document Detail


Estrogen decreases atherosclerosis in part by reducing hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) in monkeys.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19759374     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: Estrogens decrease atherosclerosis progression, mediated in part through changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. This study aimed to determine estrogen-induced changes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism, plasma lipoproteins, and the relationship of these changes to atherosclerosis extent.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Ovariectomized monkeys (n=34) consumed atherogenic diets for 30 months which contained either no hormones (control, n=17) or conjugated equine estrogens (CEE, n=17) at a human dose equivalent of 0.625 mg/d. Hepatic cholesterol content, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity, and expression levels were determined. CEE treatment resulted in lower plasma concentrations of very-low- and intermediate- density lipoprotein cholesterol (V+IDLC; P=0.01), smaller LDL particles (P=0.002), and 50% lower hepatic cholesterol content (total, free, and esterified; P<0.05 for all). Total ACAT activity was significantly lower (P=0.01), explained primarily by reductions in the activity of ACAT2. Estrogen regulation of enzymatic activity was at the protein level as both ACAT1 and 2 protein, but not mRNA levels, were lower (P=0.02 and <0.0001, respectively). ACAT2 activity was significantly associated with hepatic total cholesterol, plasma V+IDLC cholesterol, and atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Atheroprotective effects of estrogen therapy may be related to reduced hepatic secretion of ACAT2-derived cholesteryl esters in plasma lipoproteins.
Authors:
Kylie Kavanagh; Matthew A Davis; Li Zhang; Martha D Wilson; Thomas C Register; Michael R Adams; Lawrence L Rudel; Janice D Wagner
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology     Volume:  29     ISSN:  1524-4636     ISO Abbreviation:  Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.     Publication Date:  2009 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2009-09-17     Completed Date:  2009-09-29     Revised Date:  2010-12-03    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9505803     Medline TA:  Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1471-7     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. kkavanag@wfubmc.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Atherosclerosis / prevention & control*
Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / pharmacology*
Female
Lipoproteins, LDL / blood
Liver / enzymology*
Macaca fascicularis
Sterol O-Acyltransferase / antagonists & inhibitors*
Triglycerides / blood
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
5 T32 HL07115/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; HL-49373/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; HL-P01-45666/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 HL045666-089002/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 HL049373-179001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); 0/Lipoproteins, LDL; 0/Triglycerides; EC 2.3.1.26/Sterol O-Acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.26/sterol O-acyltransferase 2

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