Document Detail


Enhanced nitric oxide activity offsets peripheral vasoconstriction during acute hypoxaemia via chemoreflex and adrenomedullary actions in the sheep fetus.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  12562956     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We tested the hypothesis that enhanced nitric oxide (NO) opposes fetal peripheral vasoconstrictor responses to acute hypoxaemia via actions involving the carotid chemoreflex and the adrenal medulla. The hypothesis was tested in the late gestation ovine fetus using a novel NO clamp technique, which involves fetal combined treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside. In contrast to treatment with L-NAME alone, combined fetal treatment with L-NAME and nitroprusside prevents generalized vasoconstriction and pronounced hypertension, not only maintaining basal cardiovascular function, but also permitting blockade of the de novo synthesis of NO during hypoxaemia while compensating for the tonic production of the gas. Under general anaesthesia, seven sheep fetuses were surgically prepared with catheters and a femoral Transonic flow probe. Five days after surgery, fetuses were subjected to a 3 h protocol: 1 h normoxia, 1 h hypoxaemia and 1 h recovery. Fetal hypoxaemia was induced during either fetal infusion with saline or treatment with the NO clamp. During saline infusion, fetuses responded to hypoxaemia with transient bradycardia, femoral vasoconstriction and increases in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. During fetal treatment with the NO clamp, bradycardia persisted and there were greater peripheral vasoconstrictor and catecholaminergic responses to hypoxaemia. Further analysis showed that NO clamp treatment enhanced the chemoreflex component of the fetal cardiovascular defence to acute hypoxaemia. These data support the hypothesis that enhanced NO synthesis during acute hypoxaemia offsets fetal peripheral vasoconstrictor responses to hypoxaemia via chemoreflex and adrenomedullary actions.
Authors:
Suzanne Morrison; David S Gardner; Andrew J W Fletcher; Malcolm R Bloomfield; Dino A Giussani
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2003-01-10
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of physiology     Volume:  547     ISSN:  0022-3751     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Physiol. (Lond.)     Publication Date:  2003 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2003-02-17     Completed Date:  2003-08-21     Revised Date:  2009-11-18    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0266262     Medline TA:  J Physiol     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  283-91     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Acute Disease
Adrenal Medulla / physiology*
Animals
Anoxia / metabolism,  physiopathology*
Blood Pressure / physiology
Catecholamines / blood
Chemoreceptor Cells / physiology
Female
Fetus / blood supply,  physiology*
Gestational Age
Heart Rate / physiology
Nitric Oxide / metabolism*
Oxygen / blood
Pregnancy
Reflex / physiology
Regional Blood Flow / physiology
Sheep
Vasoconstriction / physiology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Catecholamines; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 7782-44-7/Oxygen
Comments/Corrections

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