| Endurance training at altitude. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19519223 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Since the 1968 Olympic Games when the effects of altitude on endurance performance became evident, moderate altitude training ( approximately 2000 to 3000 m) has become popular to improve competition performance both at altitude and sea level. When endurance athletes are exposed acutely to moderate altitude, a number of physiological responses occur that can comprise performance at altitude; these include increased ventilation, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume, reduced plasma volume, and lower maximal aerobic power ((.)Vo(2max)) by approximately 15% to 20%. Over a period of several weeks, one primary acclimatization response is an increase in the volume of red blood cells and consequently of (.)Vo(2max). Altitudes > approximately 2000 m for >3 weeks and adequate iron stores are required to elicit these responses. However, the primacy of more red blood cells for superior sea-level performance is not clear-cut since the best endurance athletes in the world, from Ethiopia (approximately 2000 to 3000 m), have only marginally elevated hemoglobin concentrations. The substantial reduction in (.)Vo(2max) of athletes at moderate altitude implies that their training should include adequate short-duration (approximately 1 to 2 min), high-intensity efforts with long recoveries to avoid a reduction in race-specific fitness. At the elite level, athlete performance is not dependent solely on (.)Vo(2max), and the "smallest worthwhile change" in performance for improving race results is as little as 0.5%. Consequently, contemporary statistical approaches that utilize the concept of the smallest worthwhile change are likely to be more appropriate than conventional statistical methods when attempting to understand the potential benefits and mechanisms of altitude training. |
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Authors:
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Philo U Saunders; David B Pyne; Christopher J Gore |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: High altitude medicine & biology Volume: 10 ISSN: 1557-8682 ISO Abbreviation: High Alt. Med. Biol. Publication Date: 2009 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-06-26 Completed Date: 2009-09-29 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100901183 Medline TA: High Alt Med Biol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 135-48 Citation Subset: IM; S |
Affiliation:
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Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adaptation, Physiological Altitude* Athletic Performance Cardiac Output / physiology Erythrocytes / cytology Heart Rate / physiology Hemoglobins / analysis Humans Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism Muscle, Skeletal / blood supply Oxygen / metabolism Oxygen Consumption / physiology Physical Education and Training* Physical Endurance / physiology* Population Groups Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology Running / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/HIF1A protein, human; 0/Hemoglobins; 0/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; 7782-44-7/Oxygen |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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