| Electrochemical Failure of the Brain Cortex Is More Deleterious When it Is Accompanied by Low Perfusion. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23287786 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that spreading depolarization facilitates neuronal injury when its duration exceeds a certain time point, termed commitment point. We here investigated whether this commitment point is shifted to an earlier period, when spreading depolarization is accompanied by a perfusion deficit. METHODS: Electrophysiological and cerebral blood flow changes were studied in a rat cranial window model followed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of cortical damage. RESULTS: In group 1, brain topical application of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) with high K(+) concentration ([K(+)](ACSF)) for 1 hour allowed us to induce a depolarizing event of fixed duration with cerebral blood flow fluctuations around the baseline (short-lasting initial hypoperfusions followed by hyperemia). In group 2, coapplication of the NO-scavenger hemoglobin ([Hb](ACSF)) with high [K(+)](ACSF) caused a depolarizing event of similar duration, to which a severe perfusion deficit was coupled (=spreading ischemia). In group 3, intravenous coadministration of the L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine with brain topical application of high [K(+)](ACSF)/[Hb](ACSF) caused spreading ischemia to revert to spreading hyperemia. Whereas scattered neuronal injury occurred in the superficial cortical layers in the window areas of groups 1 and 3, necrosis of all layers with partial loss of the tissue texture and microglial activation were observed in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that electrochemical failure of the cortex is more deleterious when it is accompanied by low perfusion. Thus, the commitment point of the cortex is not a universal value but depends on additional factors, such as the level of perfusion. |
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Authors:
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Jens P Dreier; Ilya V Victorov; Gabor C Petzold; Sebastian Major; Olaf Windmüller; Francisco Fernández-Klett; Mahesh Kandasamy; Ulrich Dirnagl; Josef Priller |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2013-1-3 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation Volume: - ISSN: 1524-4628 ISO Abbreviation: Stroke Publication Date: 2013 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2013-1-4 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0235266 Medline TA: Stroke Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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