| Efficacy of systematic endurance and resistance training on muscle strength and endurance performance in elderly adults--a randomized controlled trial. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20047114 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with loss in both muscle mass and the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle. A major part of these changes is associated with an age-related decrease in the level of physical activity and may be counteracted by endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT). OBJECTIVE: Since both muscle strength and aerobic power decrease with age, we investigated what form of training might be best for improvements in physical performance in the elderly. In detail, we wanted to know whether systematic ET can augment muscle strength and/or whether systematic RT can augment the aerobic power of healthy elderly adults. METHODS: Forty-two volunteers (32 women, 10 men) were recruited for the study and randomized into three groups: 13 persons undertook a continuous 6-month ET program, 15 undertook a continuous 6-month RT program and 14 served as a control group. All persons performed a cycling test to measure aerobic power (VO(2max)) and maximum workload (W(max)) before and after the training period. Maximum strength was determined from one repetition maximum (1-RM). RESULTS: After 6 months of RT, maximum strength increased by an average of 15% for leg press (P < 0.01), 25% for bench press (P < 0.01) and 30% for bench pull (P < 0.001); ET showed no effect on maximum strength except for the 1-RM in bench pull. Aerobic power improved by 6% in the ET group and by 2.5% in the RT group, neither of which was significant. Maximum workload improved significantly by 31% in the ET group (P < 0.001) and by 6% in the RT group (P = 0.05). ET resulted in a significant 5.3% reduction of body fat (P < 0.05), whereas only RT increased lean body mass by 1.0 +/- 0.5 kg. CONCLUSION: RT leads to a genuine increase in lean body mass and muscle strength in healthy elderly adults and is therefore the best method for treatment of amyotrophia. ET appears to be the most efficacious training mode for maintaining and improving maximum aerobic power in the elderly and should be viewed as a complement to RT. The loading intensity to promote hypertrophy should approach 60-80% of 1-RM with an exercise volume ranging from 3 to 6 sets per muscle group per week of 10-15 repetitions per exercise. ET should be performed on two days per week controlled by a heart rate according to 60% of VO(2max) and an exercise volume ranging from 30 to 60 minutes per week. |
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Authors:
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Barbara Strasser; Markus Keinrad; Paul Haber; Wolfgang Schobersberger |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Volume: 121 ISSN: 1613-7671 ISO Abbreviation: Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. Publication Date: 2009 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-01-04 Completed Date: 2010-03-11 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 21620870R Medline TA: Wien Klin Wochenschr Country: Austria |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 757-64 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Institute for Sports-, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i. T., Austria. barbara.strasser@umit.at |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aged Humans Male Muscle Strength / physiology* Physical Endurance / physiology* Physical Fitness / physiology* Resistance Training / methods* Task Performance and Analysis* Treatment Outcome |
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