Document Detail


Efficacy of artemisinin in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20403680     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp., affects 500000 people annually, with the Indian subcontinent contributing a significant proportion of these cases. Emerging refractoriness to conventional antimony therapy has emphasised the need for safer yet effective antileishmanial drugs. Artemisinin, a widely used antimalarial, demonstrated anti-promastigote activity and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) ranged from 100 microM to 120 microM irrespective of Leishmania species studied. Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages demonstrated decreased production of nitrite as well as mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which was normalised by artemisinin, indicating that it exerted both a direct parasiticidal activity as well as inducing a host protective response. Furthermore, in a BALB/c model of VL, orally administered artemisinin (10mg/kg and 25mg/kg body weight) effectively reduced both splenic weight and parasite burden, which was accompanied by a restoration of Th1 cytokines (interferon-gamma and interleukin-2). Taken together, these findings have delineated the therapeutic potential of artemisinin in experimental VL.
Authors:
Rupashree Sen; Sudipto Ganguly; Piu Saha; Mitali Chatterjee
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2010-04-18
Journal Detail:
Title:  International journal of antimicrobial agents     Volume:  36     ISSN:  1872-7913     ISO Abbreviation:  Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents     Publication Date:  2010 Jul 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-05-24     Completed Date:  2010-08-13     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9111860     Medline TA:  Int J Antimicrob Agents     Country:  Netherlands    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  43-9     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
(c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244 B, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, West Bengal, India.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Antiprotozoal Agents / administration & dosage*,  pharmacology
Artemisinins / administration & dosage*,  pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Leishmania donovani / drug effects
Leishmaniasis, Visceral / drug therapy*
Macrophages / parasitology
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
Spleen / parasitology,  pathology
Treatment Outcome
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antiprotozoal Agents; 0/Artemisinins; 63968-64-9/artemisinine

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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