| Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis and systematic review. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19458020 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Consumption of nuts has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease events and death. Walnuts in particular have a unique profile: they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may improve blood lipids and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to conduct a literature review and a meta-analysis to combine the results from several trials and to estimate the effect of walnuts on blood lipids. DESIGN: Literature databases were searched for published trials that compared a specifically walnut-enhanced diet with a control diet. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of weighted mean differences (WMDs) of lipid outcomes. RESULTS: Thirteen studies representing 365 participants were included in the analysis. Diets lasted 4-24 wk with walnuts providing 10-24% of total calories. When compared with control diets, diets supplemented with walnuts resulted in a significantly greater decrease in total cholesterol and in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (total cholesterol: WMD = -10.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001; LDL cholesterol: WMD = -9.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001). HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly affected by walnut diets more than with control diets (HDL cholesterol: WMD = -0.2, P = 0.8; triglycerides: WMD = -3.9, P = 0.3). Other results reported in the trials indicated that walnuts provided significant benefits for certain antioxidant capacity and inflammatory markers and had no adverse effects on body weight [body mass index (kg/m(2)): WMD = -0.4, P = 0.5; weight (kg): WMD = -0.05, P = 0.97]. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, high-walnut-enriched diets significantly decreased total and LDL cholesterol for the duration of the short-term trials. Larger and longer-term trials are needed to address the effects of walnut consumption on cardiovascular risk and body weight. |
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Authors:
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Deirdre K Banel; Frank B Hu |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2009-05-20 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The American journal of clinical nutrition Volume: 90 ISSN: 1938-3207 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Publication Date: 2009 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-06-22 Completed Date: 2009-07-08 Revised Date: 2010-09-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0376027 Medline TA: Am J Clin Nutr Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 56-63 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. dbanel@hsph.harvard.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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prevention & control* Cholesterol / blood* Cholesterol, LDL / blood* Diet Female Humans Juglans* Lipids / blood* Male Reference Values Risk Factors |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HL60712/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cholesterol, LDL; 0/Lipids; 57-88-5/Cholesterol |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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