| Effects of melanocortins on fetal development. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21595752 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Melanocortins, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) are produced in the placenta and secreted into embryos/fetuses. ACTH concentrations are higher in fetal plasma than in maternal plasma and peak at mid-gestation in rats, whereas ACTH production starts in the anterior lobe of the fetal pituitary at later stages. Melanocortin receptors (MC1-5R), receptors for ACTH and α-, β- and γ-MSH, are expressed in various adult organs. The specific function of these receptors has been well examined in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the HPA axis-like network in the skin, and anti-inflammatory effects for white blood cells have also been investigated. MC2R and/or MC5R are also expressed in the testis, lung, kidney, adrenal, liver, pancreas, brain and blood cells at different stages in mouse and rat embryos/fetuses. Melanocortins in embryos and fetuses promote maturation of the HPA axis and also contribute to the development of lung, testis, brain and blood cells. Recently, a unique ACTH function was revealed in fetuses: placental ACTH, which is secreted by the maternal leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and induces LIF secretion from fetal nucleated red blood cells. Finally, the maternal LIF-placental ACTH-fetal LIF signal relay regulates the LIF level and promotes neurogenesis in fetuses, which suggests that ACTH acts as a signal transducer or effector for fetal development in the maternal-fetal signal pathway. |
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Authors:
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Eriko Simamura; Hiroki Shimada; Hiroki Shoji; Hiroki Otani; Toshihisa Hatta |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Congenital anomalies Volume: 51 ISSN: 1741-4520 ISO Abbreviation: Congenit Anom (Kyoto) Publication Date: 2011 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-05-20 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9306292 Medline TA: Congenit Anom (Kyoto) Country: Japan |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 47-54 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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© 2011 The Authors. Congenital Anomalies © 2011 Japanese Teratology Society. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Anatomy I Department of General Education, Life Science (Biology), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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